Biology Unit 5
Respiratory System
Aerobic Respiration - C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy
Cellular respiration: The aerobic breakdown of glucose in the mitochondria to make ATP
Respiratory systems: The organs in animals that exchange gases with the environment
Respiration: Everyday term for breathing
Respiratory systems allow animals to move oxygen into body tissues and remove waste
product carbon dioxide from cells
In a concurrent system, the exchange is inefficient. Equilibrium is reached at one end
In a countercurrent system, equilibrium is not reached so exchange continues.
Parts of the respiratory system:
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
Moving air in and out:
During inhalation, the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract
During exhalation, these muscles relax and the diaphragm domes upwards
Alveoli:
- The alveoli are moist, thin-walled pockets that are the site of gas exchange.
- A slightly oily surfactant prevents the alveolar walls from collapsing and sticking
together
Gas exchange:
Gas exchange occurs in the lungs, cells move oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of the body
and blood.
Air entering the lungs contains more oxygen and less carbon
dioxide than the blood that flows in the pulmonary capillaries.
Respiratory System
Aerobic Respiration - C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy
Cellular respiration: The aerobic breakdown of glucose in the mitochondria to make ATP
Respiratory systems: The organs in animals that exchange gases with the environment
Respiration: Everyday term for breathing
Respiratory systems allow animals to move oxygen into body tissues and remove waste
product carbon dioxide from cells
In a concurrent system, the exchange is inefficient. Equilibrium is reached at one end
In a countercurrent system, equilibrium is not reached so exchange continues.
Parts of the respiratory system:
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Alveoli
Moving air in and out:
During inhalation, the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles contract
During exhalation, these muscles relax and the diaphragm domes upwards
Alveoli:
- The alveoli are moist, thin-walled pockets that are the site of gas exchange.
- A slightly oily surfactant prevents the alveolar walls from collapsing and sticking
together
Gas exchange:
Gas exchange occurs in the lungs, cells move oxygen in and carbon dioxide out of the body
and blood.
Air entering the lungs contains more oxygen and less carbon
dioxide than the blood that flows in the pulmonary capillaries.
