Chapter 1: Introduction to Child and Adolescent Development
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Bidirectionality of structure and function refers to
a. an organism’s being capable of using either hand or foot.
b. genetic determinism.
c. the interaction of the functional invariants of assimilation and accommodation with
cognitive
schemas.
d. structure (e.g., biological substrate) affecting function (e.g., activity) and function
affecting
structure.
ANS: D REF: 11 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
2. A hallmark of experimental studies is
a. the manipulation of time in the presentation of the materials to the subject.
b. the manipulation of only one variable as often as possible to determine the effects of that
variable.
c. the manipulation of every variable at each stage of the experiment.
d. the manipulation of one or more factors and observation of how these manipulations
change
the behavior under investigation.
ANS: D REF: 32
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
KEY: WWW
3. If a researcher found, in a correlational study, that an increase in one factor resulted in an
increase of the same magnitude in another factor, the correlation, or r, would be
a. -1.0. c. 0.5.
b. 0.0. d. +1.0.
ANS: D REF: 31 OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent
4. The ability to assess changes within an individual over time is a major benefit of the
____________ design.
a. longitudinal c. correlational
b. experimental d. clinical
ANS: A REF: 34
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
5. A _____________ is a group of people born in a specified, limited span of years whose
common experiences might influence their performances in developmental research.
a. cohort c. population
, b. cross-section d. sample
ANS: A REF: 35
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
6. Theorists who propose that people progress through discrete, developmental stages believe in
a. an intrinsically active child. c. discontinuity of development.
b. an intrinsically passive child. d. continuity of development.
ANS: C REF: 14 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
7. Which of the following terms refers to development of the individual over the course of his or her
lifetime?
a. ontogeny c. microgenesis
b. phylogeny d. maturation
ANS: A REF: 5 OBJ: Concepts in Developmental Psychology
8. Genetic determinism implies that
a. genetic variation is the basis for determinant thinking.
b. behavior is caused by the interaction of genes and environment.
c. culture determines all of behavior.
d. genes determine behavior.
ANS: D REF: 17 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
9. In naturalistic observations, the researcher
a. interviews participants one-on-one. c. sets up a specific environment.
b. intervenes as little as possible. d. begins a case study.
ANS: B REF: 26
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
10. The focus of developmental psychology is changes in
a. psychological characteristics that occur over a lifetime.
b. developmental theories.
c. data collection and analysis.
d. the way in which case studies are developed.
ANS: A REF: 5 OBJ: Concepts in Developmental Psychology
11. Many developmental psychologists believe that childhood is a(n) _______ concept.
a. irrelevant c. modern
b. outdated d. complicated
ANS: C REF: 7 OBJ: A Brief History of Childhood
,12. Members of the Child Study Movement believed that developmental psychology should be applied to
children
a. throughout their lives. c. in a theoretical way.
b. in a practical way. d. in research studies.
ANS: B REF: 10 OBJ: A Brief History of Childhood
13. Children are said to be in a stage when their behavior is _________ different from the behavior of
children in earlier or later stages.
a. quantitively c. quantifiably
b. qualitatively d. correlationally
ANS: B REF: 14 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
14. Researchers whose principal concern is with individual differences have a(n) ________ approach.
a. idiographic c. simplistic
b. metamorphic d. rationalistic
ANS: A REF: 15 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
15. John Locke is the philosophical grandfather of
a. performationism. c. determinism.
b. empiricism. d. parsimony.
ANS: B REF: 16 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
16. Which of the following is most useful for obtaining information that cannot ethically be obtained
otherwise?
a. questionnaires c. case studies
b. observational studies d. standardized tests
ANS: C REF: 28
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
17. _________ is the emergence of new structures and functions during the course of
development.
a. Epigenisis c. Mutation
b. Evolution d. Adaptation
ANS: A REF: 17 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
18. Some human behavior appears to be “instinctive” because humans inherit _____ as well as a species-
typical genome.
a. innate behaviors c. a maternal attachment
b. gene expression d. a species-typical environment
ANS: D REF: 19 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
KEY: WW
19. A ________ is the time in development when a skill is most easily attained.
, a. transitional period
b sensitive period
b. stage
c. function
ANS: B REF: 20 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
20. ____ is to the extent to which a measurement accurately assesses what it purports to measure.
a. Validity c. Parsimony
b. Reliability d. Variability
ANS: A REF: 22
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
21. Which of the following involves assessing children over relatively short intervals, usually days or
weeks?
a. experimental studies c. case studies
b. observational studies d. microgenetic studies
ANS: D REF: 36
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
22. Which of the following is not a major problem of conducting research with school-age children?
a. Researchers must comply with school schedules.
b. Researchers have difficulty formulating a research plan.
c. Researchers need approval from a number of different people.
d. Some children are unwilling to participate.
ANS: B REF: 37
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
23. ________ includes changes in processes involved with thinking, such as perception, attention,
consciousness, memory, intelligence, problem solving, and language.
a. Physical development c. Cognitive development
b. Psychomotor development d. Socioemotional development
ANS: C REF: 5 OBJ: Concepts in Developmental Psychology
24. During the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. and Europe, children
a. were killed as sacrifices.
b. worked long hours in factories.
c. were required to attend school.
d. were punished for crimes the same way as adults were.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Bidirectionality of structure and function refers to
a. an organism’s being capable of using either hand or foot.
b. genetic determinism.
c. the interaction of the functional invariants of assimilation and accommodation with
cognitive
schemas.
d. structure (e.g., biological substrate) affecting function (e.g., activity) and function
affecting
structure.
ANS: D REF: 11 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
2. A hallmark of experimental studies is
a. the manipulation of time in the presentation of the materials to the subject.
b. the manipulation of only one variable as often as possible to determine the effects of that
variable.
c. the manipulation of every variable at each stage of the experiment.
d. the manipulation of one or more factors and observation of how these manipulations
change
the behavior under investigation.
ANS: D REF: 32
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
KEY: WWW
3. If a researcher found, in a correlational study, that an increase in one factor resulted in an
increase of the same magnitude in another factor, the correlation, or r, would be
a. -1.0. c. 0.5.
b. 0.0. d. +1.0.
ANS: D REF: 31 OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent
4. The ability to assess changes within an individual over time is a major benefit of the
____________ design.
a. longitudinal c. correlational
b. experimental d. clinical
ANS: A REF: 34
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
5. A _____________ is a group of people born in a specified, limited span of years whose
common experiences might influence their performances in developmental research.
a. cohort c. population
, b. cross-section d. sample
ANS: A REF: 35
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
6. Theorists who propose that people progress through discrete, developmental stages believe in
a. an intrinsically active child. c. discontinuity of development.
b. an intrinsically passive child. d. continuity of development.
ANS: C REF: 14 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
7. Which of the following terms refers to development of the individual over the course of his or her
lifetime?
a. ontogeny c. microgenesis
b. phylogeny d. maturation
ANS: A REF: 5 OBJ: Concepts in Developmental Psychology
8. Genetic determinism implies that
a. genetic variation is the basis for determinant thinking.
b. behavior is caused by the interaction of genes and environment.
c. culture determines all of behavior.
d. genes determine behavior.
ANS: D REF: 17 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
9. In naturalistic observations, the researcher
a. interviews participants one-on-one. c. sets up a specific environment.
b. intervenes as little as possible. d. begins a case study.
ANS: B REF: 26
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
10. The focus of developmental psychology is changes in
a. psychological characteristics that occur over a lifetime.
b. developmental theories.
c. data collection and analysis.
d. the way in which case studies are developed.
ANS: A REF: 5 OBJ: Concepts in Developmental Psychology
11. Many developmental psychologists believe that childhood is a(n) _______ concept.
a. irrelevant c. modern
b. outdated d. complicated
ANS: C REF: 7 OBJ: A Brief History of Childhood
,12. Members of the Child Study Movement believed that developmental psychology should be applied to
children
a. throughout their lives. c. in a theoretical way.
b. in a practical way. d. in research studies.
ANS: B REF: 10 OBJ: A Brief History of Childhood
13. Children are said to be in a stage when their behavior is _________ different from the behavior of
children in earlier or later stages.
a. quantitively c. quantifiably
b. qualitatively d. correlationally
ANS: B REF: 14 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
14. Researchers whose principal concern is with individual differences have a(n) ________ approach.
a. idiographic c. simplistic
b. metamorphic d. rationalistic
ANS: A REF: 15 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
15. John Locke is the philosophical grandfather of
a. performationism. c. determinism.
b. empiricism. d. parsimony.
ANS: B REF: 16 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
16. Which of the following is most useful for obtaining information that cannot ethically be obtained
otherwise?
a. questionnaires c. case studies
b. observational studies d. standardized tests
ANS: C REF: 28
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
17. _________ is the emergence of new structures and functions during the course of
development.
a. Epigenisis c. Mutation
b. Evolution d. Adaptation
ANS: A REF: 17 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
18. Some human behavior appears to be “instinctive” because humans inherit _____ as well as a species-
typical genome.
a. innate behaviors c. a maternal attachment
b. gene expression d. a species-typical environment
ANS: D REF: 19 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
KEY: WW
19. A ________ is the time in development when a skill is most easily attained.
, a. transitional period
b sensitive period
b. stage
c. function
ANS: B REF: 20 OBJ: Themes and Issues in Developmental Psychology
20. ____ is to the extent to which a measurement accurately assesses what it purports to measure.
a. Validity c. Parsimony
b. Reliability d. Variability
ANS: A REF: 22
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
21. Which of the following involves assessing children over relatively short intervals, usually days or
weeks?
a. experimental studies c. case studies
b. observational studies d. microgenetic studies
ANS: D REF: 36
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
22. Which of the following is not a major problem of conducting research with school-age children?
a. Researchers must comply with school schedules.
b. Researchers have difficulty formulating a research plan.
c. Researchers need approval from a number of different people.
d. Some children are unwilling to participate.
ANS: B REF: 37
OBJ: Research Methods in Child and Adolescent Development
23. ________ includes changes in processes involved with thinking, such as perception, attention,
consciousness, memory, intelligence, problem solving, and language.
a. Physical development c. Cognitive development
b. Psychomotor development d. Socioemotional development
ANS: C REF: 5 OBJ: Concepts in Developmental Psychology
24. During the Industrial Revolution in the U.S. and Europe, children
a. were killed as sacrifices.
b. worked long hours in factories.
c. were required to attend school.
d. were punished for crimes the same way as adults were.
