OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology | 2022 UPDATE

T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 1 of 14 Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Protozoa are best described as being: A. nonphotosynthetic multicellular microorganisms B. nonphotosynthetic unicellular microorganisms* C. photosynthetic multicellular microorganisms D. photosynthetic unicellular microorganisms Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 9 2. Which of the following best describes zooplankton? A. eukaryotes that are nonphotosynthetic and motile* B. eukaryotes that are photosynthetic and motile C. prokaryotes that are nonphotosynthetic and nonmotile D. prokaryotes that are photosynthetic and nonmotile Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 9 3. Where is the pellicle found within a protozoan? A. as part of cilia B. beneath the cell membrane* C. surrounding the nucleus D. within chloroplasts Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 13 4. Which of the following is not a structure used for locomotion by protists? A. cilia B. contractile vacuoles* C. flagella D. pseudopods Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 9 5. Which structures associated with locomotion in protists can be described as short, hair-like structures that extend from the surface of the cell? A. cilia* B. contractile vacuoles TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 2 of 14 C. flagella D. pseudopods Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 9 6. Pseudopod formation requires which cytoskeletal component? A. actin filaments* B. collagen fibers C. intermediate filaments D. microtubules Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 9 7. The organelle in protists that regulates osmolarity is known as which of the following? A. contractile vacuole* B. hydrogenosome C. kinetoplasmid D. plasmalemma Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 12 8. Cytoprocts are specialized structures that carry out which cellular process? A. endocytosis B. exocytosis* C. phagocytosis D. syngamy Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 12 9. Which organism is best known as the “brain-eating amoeba”? A. Acanthamoeba keratitis B. Entamoeba histolytica C. Giardia lamblia D. Naegleria fowleri* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 10. An important slime mold used in research is Dictyostelium discoideum. In this species, individual amoeboid cells that aggregate into multicellular mobile slugs, each forming a fruiting body that produces haploid spores, are known as which of the following? A. cellular slime molds* TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 3 of 14 B. plasmodium slime molds C. pseudohyphae D. sporangia Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 11. During the asexual life cycle described in the textbook, cellular slime molds produce which of the following? A. gametes B. spores* C. gametes and spores D. neither gametes nor spores Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 12. Plasmodial slime molds produce which of the following: A. gametes but no spores B. gametes that divide into spores C. spores but no gametes D. spores that divide into gametes* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 13 13. The apical complex of Apicomplexans such as Plasmodium is involved in which cellular process? A. binary fission B. entry into host cells* C. phagocytosis D. photosynthesis Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 14. Which of the following is a parasitic ciliate? A. Balantidium coli* B. Escherichia coli C. Paramecium caudatum D. Stentor coeruleus Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 15. The stigma (eyespot) in members of Euglenozoa functions in which of the following? TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 4 of 14 A. chemotaxis B. conjugation C. photosynthesis D. phototaxis* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 16. African sleeping sickness is caused by which pathogen? A. Giardia lamblia B. Plasmodium falciparum C. Toxoplasma gondii D. Trypanosoma bruceii* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 17. Cestodes are often transmitted via which of the following? A. aerosols B. open wounds in the skin C. undercooked meats* D. water Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 18. The cell walls of fungi are largely composed of which of the following? A. cellulose B. chitin* C. peptidoglycan D. starch Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 19. Which of the following includes fungi used as food (such as truffles), bread molds, and pathogenic fungi such as Trichophyton? A. Ascomycota* B. Basidiomycota C. Chytridiomycota D. Zygomycota Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 5 20. Most mushrooms and puffballs are members of which fungal phylum? TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 5 of 14 A. Ascomycota B. Basidiomycota* C. Chytridiomycota D. Zygomycota Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 5 21. Which of the following include fungi that are obligate intracellular pathogens? A. Ascomycota B. Basidiomycota C. Microsporidia* D. Zygomycota Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 22. Which fungus is common in the microbiota of a healthy individual? A. Aspergillus aculeatus B. Candida albicans* C. Histoplasma capsulatum D. Rhizopus stolonifera Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23, 24 23. The mode of reproduction for chytrids (Chytridiomycota) uses which of the following? A. asci B. basidia C. motile gametes* D. zygospores Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 24. To produce spores, some fungi use club-shaped structures called which of the following? A. asci B. basidia* C. plastids D. zygospores Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 25. Fungi have an important role in nutrient cycling as which of the following? A. decomposers* TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 6 of 14 B. primary consumers C. producers D. secondary consumer Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 24 26. Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. Fungi can be autotrophic or heterotrophic.* B. Fungi can be pathogenic, mutualistic, or neither. C. Fungi can be unicellular or multicellular. D. Fungi have eukaryotic cells. Difficulty: Medium ASM Standard: 24 27. The types of algae are mainly grouped according to which of the following? A. the size of their cells B. their chloroplast types C. their pigment types* D. where they are found Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 5 28. A lichen results from the mutualistic relationship between fungi and which of the following? A. cyanobacteria or algae* B. green plants C. heterotrophic bacteria D. protozoans Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 29. The source of agar, which is typically used in the microbiology laboratory, is which of the following? A. brown algae B. green algae C. red algae* D. lichen Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 26 30. Lichens attach to a surface using which structure? A. capsules TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 7 of 14 B. cilia C. flagella D. rhizines* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 9 True/False 31. The feeding and growth portion of a protozoan’s life cycle is known as the cyst stage. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 13 32. Saprozoic fungi feed on dead organisms by ingesting small soluble food particles. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 12, 24 33. Amoeba spp. use cilia as a means of locomotion. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 9 34. All protozoans can reproduce sexually and asexually. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 13 35. Plasmodial slime molds are individual amoeboids that aggregate into a mobile slug. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 36. Apicomplexans are parasitic protists. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 8 of 14 37. The fusion of cytoplasmic contents from two separate cells during the fungal sexual life cycle is known as karogamy. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 38. Conidia are asexual fungal spores produced by members of the Ascomycota. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 9 39. The green algae that are most closely related to land plants are known as the Chlorophyta. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 5 40. One of the earliest truly multicellular green algae is Volvox. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 5 Matching 41. Match the subgroup with its distinguishing feature. A. apicomplexans i. commonly known as water molds B. Chlorophyta ii. have cell walls with substantial cellulose C. euglenozoans iii. may be photosynthetic or heterotrophic and have flagella D. Foraminifera iv. intracellular parasites with apical organelles E. oomycetes v. have calcium carbonate shells Answers: A. iv., B. ii., C. iii., D. v., E. i. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 9 42. Match the pathogenic protist to the most relevant mechanism of transmission. A. Cryptosporidium i. being bitten by mosquitoes B. Plasmodium ii. drinking contaminated water C. Toxoplasma iii. sexual transmission D. Trichomonas iv. exposure to contaminated cat feces Answers: A. ii., B. i., C. iv., D. iii. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 9 of 14 43. Match the pathogenic nematode to the most relevant mechanism transmission. A. Dirofilaria i. ingestion of undercooked meat B. Enterobius ii. exposure to contaminated dogs and cats C. Schistosoma iii. being bitten by a contaminated mosquitos D. Trichinella iv. exposure to freshwater snails Answers: A. iii., B. ii., C. iv., D. i. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 44. Put the generalized sexual life cycle of fungi in order, starting with two hyphae beginning to “mate.” A. Step 1 i. dikaryon formation B. Step 2 ii. karogamy C. Step 3 iii. meiosis and sporangia formation D. Step 4 iv. plasmogamy E. Step 5 v. spore release and germination Answers: A. iv., B. i., C. ii., D. iii., E. v. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A Fill in the Blank 45. Cytostomes are specialized protozoan structures for the process of ________. Answer: phagocytosis Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 46. ________ is a protozoal mechanism of asexual reproduction whereby the nucleus of a cell divides repeatedly before the cytoplasm of the cell divides. Answer: Schizogony Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 9 47. The feeding and growth portion of the protozoan life cycle is known as the ________ stage. Answer: trophozoite Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 9 48. The dormant stage of the protozoan life cycle is known as the ________ stage. Answer: cyst TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 10 of 14 Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 9 49. Genetic diversity can be obtained in the ciliates through a process known as ________, in which micronuclei are exchanged. Answer: conjugation Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 15 50. Fungal fruiting bodies store and release ________. Answer: spores Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 51. In the United States, the most common infection caused by nematodes is ________. Answer: pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis is also an acceptable answer) Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 52. Fungi consist of filaments known as ________. Answer: hyphae Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 53. Chloroplasts can contain ________ that synthesize and store starch. Answer: pyrenoids Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 9 54. According to the endosymbiotic theory, chloroplasts found in algae originally evolved from ________. Answer: cyanobacteria Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 1 Short Answer 55. Name three methods of locomotion used by various groups of protozoans. Sample Answer: Protozoans may use cilia, flagella, or pseudopodia for locomotion. TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 11 of 14 Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 9 56. What are the two ways that heterotrophic protozoans bring in food particles? Sample Answer: Some are holozoic and use phagocytosis to engulf large particles; others are saprozoic and ingest small soluble particles. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 57. Briefly describe the differences between cellular and plasmodial slime molds, using examples from the specific cellular and plasmodial slime molds mentioned in the chapter. Sample Answer: Cellular slime molds have individual cells. They may exist as individual amoebae or join together to form a mobile slug, then a fruiting body. Plasmodial slime molds can exist as individual cells but also have a part of their life cycle in which these cells join to form large, multinucleate cells. They can form reproductive stalks to produce spores that divide into gametes. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 58. Ciliates contain two types of nuclei. Briefly describe what they are and how many sets of chromosomes they contain. Sample Answer: Ciliates contain a micronucleus and macronucleus. The micronucleus is diploid (with two copies of chromosomes) and is used for conjugation. The macronucleus is polyploid (with multiple copies of chromosomes) and contains metabolic genes. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 9 59. What are the four phyla of fungi that are important causes of human mycoses? Sample Answer: The four phyla of fungi that are most important for human disease are Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Microsporidia, and Zygomycota. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 60. What unique molecules are found in the cell wall and membrane of fungi, and serve as targets for antifungal agents? Sample Answer: The fungal cell wall contains chitin and the fungal cell membrane contains ergosterol. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 7, 14 TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 12 of 14 61. Dimorphic fungi can grow in different forms at different temperatures. How could this cause a change in a fungus that infected a human (i.e., would be at a higher temperature than in the surrounding environment)? Sample Answer: Fungi such as Histoplasma capsulatum, which causes histoplasmosis, is found as a mold at lower temperatures and as a yeast at higher temperatures. In nature, it grows as a mycelium. Within the human body, it grows as a yeast. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 14 62. What is the most potent natural carcinogen known and what organism produces it? Sample Answer: The chemical is aflatoxin, which is produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 63. What is a zygospore? Sample Answer: A zygosopore is hard-walled structure produced by members of the Zygomycota during sexual reproduction. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 9 64. What are plasmogamy and karogamy, and what does each event produce in the fungal life cycle? Sample Answer: Plasmogamy is the fusion of the cytoplasm of two haploid cells of differing mating types, resulting in the formation of a dikaryotic cell containing two distinct nuclei. The nuclei then fuse during the process of karyogamy and produce a diploid zygote that immediately undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A 65. What is the function of microsporidia’s polar tubule? Sample Answer: Microsporidia are obligate intracellular pathogens. The polar tubule allows the fungus to penetrate and enter host cells. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 9, 23 66. How did chloroplasts in eukaryotes arise? Sample Answer: They arose from the engulfment of cyanobacteria (secondary endosymbiosis). Difficulty: Moderate TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 13 of 14 ASM Standard: 1 67. How do red tides harm marine life? Sample Answer: Red algae produce toxins. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 68. What are the two types of green algae? Which is more closely related to today’s land plants? Be sure to explain your answer. Sample Answer: The two types are Chlorophyta and Charophyta. The Charophyta are more closely related to modern land plants. Charophyta share a mechanism of cell division and an important biochemical pathway with land plants, whereas the other green algae do not. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 5 69. How do the three types of lichens differ from each other? Sample Answer: Crustose lichens are tightly attached to their substrate and have a crusty appearance. Foliose lichens have leaf-like lobes; they may be attached at only one point and may have a second cortex below the medulla. Fruticose lichens have structures that are more rounded and appear branched overall. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: N/A Brief Essay Essay Question Rubric RATING Failing Below Average Competent Advanced Criteria for evaluation Answer does not provide an argument. Answer contains inaccuracies. Writing is poor and contains numerous grammatical mistakes and misspellings. Answer fails to provide examples to support an argument. Writing is poor and grammatical errors are common. Answer is somewhat incoherent. Answer provides an argument with one or two examples that support it. Writing is acceptable for the college level but may contain one or two grammatical mistakes or misspellings. Answer clearly provides an argument with two or more excellent examples that support it; student makes the argument clearly and eloquently. Answer is well organized and free of grammatical errors and misspellings. POINT VALUE 0 1 2 3 Assume rating/grading scale for the question ranges from 0 to 3 points. TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 5: The Eukaryotes of Microbiology Page 14 of 14 70. Compare and contrast endospores and cysts. In what ways are they similar? In what ways are they different? Sample Answer: Students should identify the following similarities: The process occurs when environmental conditions are not favorable; both ensure survival of the cell's genetic information; both structures have a thick protective wall; both are nonreproductive cells; only certain bacteria or protists produce these types of structures. Students should identify the following differences: Cyst formation occurs in some protists; endospore formation occurs only in some bacteria (Clostridium and Bacillus spp.); the composition of the cell walls differs: cysts (protists) have chitin or cellulose; endospores, which are produced by bacteria, have a cortex (which contains peptidoglycan) and a spore coat. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 9 71. Briefly describe how conjugation occurs in Paramecium. Sample Answer: In conjugation, the micronuclei of both cells undergo meiosis. The macronucleus and all but one haploid micronuclei from each cell disintegrate. The remaining micronuclei undergo mitosis. The two cells exchange one micronucleus each, which fuses with the remaining micronucleus to form a new, genetically different, diploid micronucleus. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 16 72. Describe how Trypanosoma brucei, which causes the disease known as African sleeping sickness, is transmitted to the host. Sample Answer: T. brucei replicates in the blood and lymph of infected individuals. The tsetse fly takes a blood meal and ingests T. brucei, which replicates in the midgut of the fly into the infectious stage and then enters the fly’s salivary glands. When the fly takes another blood meal from a new host, it injects T. brucei into that host. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 73. There is a wide variety of eukaryotic algae, including seaweeds. Are these true plants? Why or why not? Sample Answer: Plants and algae are photosynthetic, contain pigments, and have cell walls. Some algae are multicellular, like plants (although no plants are unicellular). However, algae do not have specialized tissues and organs like those found in plants. Additionally, unlike plants, algae do not have a waxy cuticle to prevent desiccation. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: N/A This file is copyright 2017, Rice University. All rights reserved. TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER