Med Surg 1, 2 & Comprehensive Rationales LATEEST UPDATE ,100% CORRECT RATED/UPGRADED A+

Med Surg 1, 2 & Comprehensive Rationales LATEEST
UPDATE ,100% CORRECT RATED/UPGRADED A+
Kaplan→ Med Surg 1, 2 &
Comprehensive Rationales Med Surg
1A Topics
1. Cushing’s Syndrome (2 questions) → hypersecretion of ACTH
(hormone that allows body to react to stress)
○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ea1sXgd5ui8
● Signs & Symptoms → fatigue, muscle weakness,
weight gain, thinning extremities, thin & fragile skin,
moon face & ruddy complexion, hirsutism, truncal
obesity, broad purple striae, bruising, impaired wound
healing, increased blood pressure & sodium,
hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, buffalo hump, DM
● Treatment → restore hormone balance by radiation, drug
therapy or adrenalectomy (removal of one or both
adrenal glands)
● Nursing Considerations → Frequently monitor VS
(especially BP), monitor labs for electrolyte changes,
monitor daily weight, check for signs of infection,
perform passive range of motion for those that have
osteoporosis or are bedridden
○ Post-surgery nursing considerations → encourage

Med Surg 1, 2 & Comprehensive Rationales LATEEST
UPDATE ,100% CORRECT RATED/UPGRADED A+

, Med Surg 1, 2 & Comprehensive Rationales LATEEST
UPDATE ,100% CORRECT RATED/UPGRADED A+
coughing & deep breathing, monitor for shock &
HTN, administer cortisone as ordered
○ Diet → High in protein & potassium, but low in carbs &
sodium, high calcium + vit. D


2. Hepatitis (3 questions) → inflammation of the liver that causes
liver cell damage
○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eocRM7MhF68
○ Chronic hepatitis (> 6 months) can lead to cirrhosis of the
liver
● Causes → bacteria, toxins or viruses , 6 viral types → A, B,
C, D, E, G
● Hepatitis A & E → fecal to oral (shellfish from
contaminated waters is a major source)
● Hep. A stages
○ Pre-icteric: malaise, N/V, anorexia
○ Icteric: jaundice, clay colored stool, tea colored urine
○ Convalescent: SX resolves
● Hepatitis B,C, D & G → parenteral drug abuse, sex, blood &
body fluids,

Med Surg 1, 2 & Comprehensive Rationales LATEEST
UPDATE ,100% CORRECT RATED/UPGRADED A+

, Med Surg 1, 2 & Comprehensive Rationales LATEEST
UPDATE ,100% CORRECT RATED/UPGRADED A+
● Signs & Symptoms → jaundice, anorexia, RUQ pain (due
to hepatomegaly), clay-colored stools, tea-colored urine
(due to bilirubin leakage), apendicitispruritus, elevated
LFT’s (AST & ALT) & prolonged PT
● Treatment → symptomatic → vitamin K, anti-histamines,
corticosteroids, anti-emetics & apply calamine lotion
● Nursing Interventions → improve sanitation, vaccination,
no ETOH, instruct pt to balance rest and activity, patient
cannot donate blood! HAND WASHING #1!
● Diet: low in fat, high in carbs and protein


3. Cytoscopy → direct visualization of the urethra, bladder,
ureteral orifices, and prostatic urethra
○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eiw8YM4YLFE - for
males
○ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0-HXugWdDw - for
females
○ Helps assess ureters and the pelvis of each kidney
○ Can obtain a urine specimen from each kidney to evaluate
its function
○ Assist in performing a biopsy
Med Surg 1, 2 & Comprehensive Rationales LATEEST
UPDATE ,100% CORRECT RATED/UPGRADED A+

, Med Surg 1, 2 & Comprehensive Rationales LATEEST
UPDATE ,100% CORRECT RATED/UPGRADED A+
○ Assist in removing calculi from the urethra, bladder and
ureter
○ Performed in both lower and upper tract
● Lower tract cystoscopy
○ Pt. is usually awake; discomfort is equal to that of
catheterization
○ Viscous lidocaine can be injected prior to the study to
minimize post-test discomfort




Med Surg 1, 2 & Comprehensive Rationales LATEEST
UPDATE ,100% CORRECT RATED/UPGRADED A+