OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections | LATEST UPDATE

T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 1 of 16 Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. What is the pharynx? A. an accessory digestive organ B. part of the gastrointestinal tract* C. part of the mouth D. the exit of the gastrointestinal tract Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 2. What type of digestion occurs in the mouth? A. chemical breakdown of food only B. physical breakdown of food only C. chemical and physical breakdown of food* D. neither chemical nor physical breakdown of food Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 3. What types of microbes are found in the mouth? A. archaea only B. bacteria only C. archaea and bacteria* D. neither archaea nor bacteria Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23, 24 4. The environment in the stomach is which of the following? A. acidic* B. alkaline C. neutral D. variable Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 5. Oral thrush is caused by which pathogen? A. Candida spp., including C. albicans* B. Herpes simplex virus 1 C. Prevotella intermedia D. Streptococcus mutans TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 2 of 16 Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23, 24 6. Shigellosis is also known as which of the following? A. amoebic dysentery B. bacillary dysentery* C. salmonellosis D. typhoid fever Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 7. Typhoid fever is caused by which pathogen? A. Salmonella paratyphi only B. Salmonella typhi only C. Salmonella paratyphi or S. typhi* D. Shigella dysenteriae Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 8. Cholera is best controlled by which of the following? A. eradicating mosquito populations and using insect repellant B. increasing stomach acidity by avoiding the use of antacids and proton pump inhibitors C. using good sanitation and hygiene practices to the greatest extent possible* D. using prophylactic antibiotics for those visiting areas where cholera is endemic Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 14, 23 9. Plaque on teeth is an example of which of the following? A. a biofilm* B. a cavity C. an infection D. dental caries Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 21, 23, 24 10. How does Staphylococcus aureus cause gastrointestinal symptoms? A. by producing enterotoxins when growing in food* B. by producing neurotoxins that are released into the food C. by reproducing in the intestines, causing enteritis D. by reproducing in the stomach, causing gastritis and ulcers TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 3 of 16 Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 11. What is the scientific name of the unusual bacterium that can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach and is associated with peptic ulcers, as well as with increased risk of stomach cancer? A. Escherichia coli O157:H7 B. Heliobacter pylori* C. Salmonella typhi D. Vibrio cholerae Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23, 24 12. What is the minimum safe holding temperature for cooked food? A. 4 °C B. 40 °C C. 60 °C* D. 80 °C Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 14, 23 13. Which group contains the most dangerous E. coli strains for causing gastrointestinal illness? A. EHEC* B. EIEC C. EPEC D. ETEC Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 14. Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a serious condition that may lead to all but which of the following? A. hypersecretion of fluids* B. kidney failure C. postinfection irritable bowel syndrome D. reactive arthritis Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 15. Which is true about the treatment for ETEC? A. Antibiotic treatment should be avoided because it increases the risk of HUS, although supportive therapy may be helpful. B. Antibiotics are not recommended, although supportive therapy may be helpful. TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 4 of 16 C. Fluoroquinolones, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin are recommended in most cases. D. It is usually self-limiting, although medications such as fluoroquinolones, doxycycline, TMP/SMZ, and rifamixin can be used.* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 14, 23 16. Which of the following aids identification of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent for cholera, through culturing? A. It produces green colonies on MacConkey agar. B. It produces red colonies on MacConkey agar. C. It produces white/colorless colonies on MacConkey agar.* D. It will not grow on MacConkey agar. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 17. Which of the following is a disease that is often transmitted by undercooked, contaminated poultry? A. Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis* B. Cholera C. Helicobacter pylori-related ulcers D. Vibrio parahemolyticus gastroenteritis Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 18. Which of the following is not true about Clostridium difficile? A. It can cause the development of pseudomembranous colitis. B. It is a serious cause of nosocomial infections and can develop in association with antibiotic or proton pump inhibitor use. C. It is common in normal human gastrointestinal microbiota. D. It is not capable of forming endospores.* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 8, 23 19. Why is fecal transplant a promising treatment for Clostridium difficile infections? A. It disrupts the pseudomembrane. B. It provides a way to introduce medicine into the colon. C. It replenishes the healthy microbiota.* D. It stimulates the expulsion of contaminated stool. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 14, 23, 24 TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 5 of 16 20. Yersinia entercolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis commonly cause which of the following? A. constipation due to bowel inflammation B. intoxications C. severe sepsis D. stomach ulcers Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 21. A breath test can be used to detect which of the following pathogens? A. E. coli O157:H7 B. H. pylori* C. S. typhimurium D. V. cholerae Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 22. Which of the following is the most important mode of transmission for rotaviruses? A. direct contact with infected individuals B. the consumption of undercooked fish C. the fecal-oral route* D. the inhalation of air droplets Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 23. Vaccination is routinely recommended for which type of virus? A. adenovirus B. astrovirus C. norovirus D. rotavirus* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 14, 23 24. Jaundice is an important symptom of which disease? A. hepatitis* B. norovirus gastroenteritis C. rotavirus gastroenteritis D. salmonellosis Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 25. Which of the following is true regarding the diagnosis of amoebic dysentery? TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 6 of 16 A. A stool O&P exam is not usually diagnostic. B. Enzyme immunoassay is especially useful because it allows the clinician to distinguish a current infection from prior exposure. C. Examining a stool specimen on a single day is usually sufficient to catch almost all cases. D. Magnetic resonance imaging may show the presence of liver abscesses.* Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 26. Which of the following refers to neurocysticercosis? A. Taenia asiatica adults form cysts in peripheral nervous tissue. B. Taenia asiatica larvae become established in the intestines. C. Taenia solium larvae form cysts in the brain/central nervous tissue.* D. Taenia solium proglottids lodge in nervous tissue. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 27. In a clinical setting, rotavirus is most commonly diagnosed using which of the following? A. culturing B. enzyme immunoassay* C. microscopy D. NAAT Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 23 28. Which hepatitis virus can only infect an individual who has already been infected by hepatitis B virus? A. HAV B. HCV C. HDV* D. HEC Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 29. Which pathogen that can be transmitted via water is especially resistant to chlorination treatment? A. Cryptosporidium parvum B. Cyclospora cayetanensis C. Entamoeba histolytica D. Giardia lamblia* Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 14, 23 TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 7 of 16 30. A distinctive blue halo, visible upon examination using ultraviolet fluorescence microscopy, indicates the presence of which of the following? A. Cryptosporidium hominis, as opposed to Cryptosporidium parvum, which does not fluoresce B. Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts that are autofluorescing* C. Giardia lamblia cysts that have been exposed to chlorine D. the presence of Entamoeba histolytica cysts stained with blue fluorescent dye Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 6, 23 31. Metronidazole would be an effective treatment for which condition? A. cryptosporidiosis B. cyclosporiasis C. giardiasis* D. HCV Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 14, 23 32. Which statement is not true about a way that Ascaris travels within the body? A. It burrows through the skin of the feet and travel to the gastrointestinal tract through the circulatory system. B. It can enter the respiratory tract from the circulatory system. C. It can migrate from the lungs to the gastrointestinal tract. D. It produces proteases that allow it to travel from the gastrointestinal tract through tissues to the circulatory system.* Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 23 33. The movement of Ancylostoma braziliense through the skin causes the condition known as cutaneous larva migrans. Which of the following is a distinctive symptom of this condition? A. Their tracks are visible and cause itching.* B. They cause small, localized patches of painless bumps. C. They extend a breathing tube through the skin to breathe. D. They produce painless nodules that are visible on the skin. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 23 34. Hookworms penetrate the skin. They considered with gastrointestinal pathogens for which of the following reasons? A. They more commonly cause infection after ingestion in undercooked food. B. They penetrate the skin and then burrow directly to the gastrointestinal tract. TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 8 of 16 C. They penetrate the skin and then migrate through the circulatory system directly to the gastrointestinal tract. D. They migrate through the circulatory system to the lungs, then are coughed up and swallowed to reach the gastrointestinal tract.* Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 23 True/False 36. Pancreatic juice helps neutralize acidic, partially digested food in the small intestine. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 37. The small intestine contains the most diverse and numerous microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23, 24 38. It safe to consume food from a refrigerator set to maintain a temperature of 10 °C. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 14, 23 39. Herpes simplex virus 1 can cause a mouth infection called herpetic gingivostomatitis. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23, 24 40. Oral thrush occurs when a pathogen not normally part of the oral microbiota colonizes the oral cavity. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23, 24 41. Mumps causes swelling of the parotid glands and can have serious complications, such as encephalitis and meningitis. Answer: True TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 9 of 16 Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23, 24 42. The large intestine contains Clostridium spp. and archaeans, among many other microbial species. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23, 24 43. Corticosteroids can cause strongyloidiasis to become more severe, because they stimulate an excessive immune response. Answer: False Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 14, 23, 24 Matching 44. Match each type of hypersensitivity with the best definition. A. colitis i. inflammation of the stomach B. enteritis ii. inflammation of the colon C. gastritis iii. inflammation of the gums D. gastroenteritis iv. inflammation of the liver E. gingivitis v. inflammation of the intestinal mucosa F. hepatitis vi. inflammation of both the stomach and intestinal mucosa Answers: A. ii., B. v., C. i., D. vi., E. iii., F. iv. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 45. Match each hepatitis virus with the best description. A. hepatitis virus A i. can only cause infection in patients infected with HBV; usually self-limiting B. hepatitis virus B ii. transmitted via body fluids; often asymptomatic but can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer; no vaccine exists C. hepatitis virus C iii. transmitted via the fecal-oral route, especially in undercooked food or contaminated water; can also be transmitted person to person or as a zoonosis, depending on genotype; most common in developing countries; vaccine available in China. D. hepatitis virus D iv. transmitted via contaminated food and water, as well as through direct contact; usually relatively mild and self-limiting; vaccine exists E. hepatitis virus E v. transmitted via body fluids; can cause cirrhosis and liver cancer; vaccine exists Answers: A. iv., B. v., C. ii., D. i., E. iii. TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 10 of 16 Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 14, 23 46. Match each type of infection with the recommended treatment. A. EPEC i. ivermectin, albendazole B. giardiasis ii. clotrimazole, nystatin, fluconazole, itraconazole; amphotericin B for severe cases C. oral thrush iii. fluoroquinolones, doxycycline, rifamixin, TMP/SMZ if necessary D. shigellosis iv. metronidazole, tinidazole E. strongyloidiasis v. ciprofloxacin, azithromycin Answers: A. iii., B. iv., C. ii., D. v., E. i. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard:14 47. Match each pathogen with its classification. A. Clostridium perfringens i. virus B. Cryptosporidium parvum ii. bacterium C. HBV iii. protist D. Trichinella spiralis iv. helminth Answers: A. ii., B. iii., C. i., D. iv. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 48. Match each disease with the most common diagnostic method used for it. A. Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis i. culture on selective medium with elevated temperature and low oxygen concentration B. giardiasis ii. microscopic examination of oral samples C. oral candidiasis iii. O&P exam, sometimes ELISA and direct fluorescence antibody assays D. norovirus iv. microscopic examination of stool for segments and eggs from three separate days E. taeniasis v. rapid enzyme immunoassay confirmed with RT-qPCR Answers: A. i., B. iii., C. ii., D. v., E. iv. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 23 Fill in the Blank 49. ________ can develop from chronic, severe gingivitis. Answer: Periodontitis TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 11 of 16 Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 50. Cholera is caused by the pathogen ________. Answer: Vibrio cholerae Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 51. ________ can have serious complications, such as encephalitis and deafness. Answer: Mumps Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 52. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is also known as ________. Answer: trench mouth or Vincent’s disease Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 53. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 produces a toxin that affects protein synthesis in endothelial cells called ________. Answer: Shiga toxin Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 54. Many virulence factors of Salmonella typhi are found on ________. Answer: Salmonella pathogenicity islands Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 55. The E. coli pathogenic group that causes traveler’s diarrhea is ________. Answer: ETEC (enterotoxigenic E. coli) Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 56. The fibrin layer of dead epithelial cells and leukocytes that can develop during Clostridium difficile infection is called a ________. Answer: pseudomembrane Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 12 of 16 57. The locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island is found in ________. Answer: enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 23 58. The activity of the A-B toxin of Vibrio cholerae is through ________. Answer: adenylate cyclase Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 Short Answer 59. How does the acidic environment in the stomach affect its microbiota? Sample Answer: Most microbes are killed by the acidic environment, which is part of the nonspecific immune response. Heliobacter pylori is unusual because it thrives in the stomach and is associated with stomach ulcers. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23, 24 60. Foodborne illness can be caused by which Bacillus species that produces a toxin that causes vomiting and one that causes diarrhea? Sample Answer: Bacillus cereus can cause gastroenteritis. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 61. What are symptoms of cholera? Sample Answer: Cholera causes severe diarrhea (rice-water stool), which can lead to severe dehydration. Dehydration, in turn, can lead to shock, renal failure, and even death, if good medical care is not available. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 62. Why do noroviruses often cause large-scale illness in dense accommodations, such as cruise ships? Sample Answer: Noroviruses are highly contagious and not killed by standard disinfectant regimens for killing bacteria, so they can spread rapidly when people are in close contact. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 14, 23 TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 13 of 16 63. If you kill Staphylococcus aureus in food products and then consume them, it is still possible to become sick. How is this possible? Sample Answer: Staphylococcus aureus produces enterotoxins and enterotoxin-like toxins that are heat stable. These may be present in food even if the food has been cooked to sufficiently high temperatures that the bacteria are killed, because these enterotoxins are not destroyed by standard cooking temperatures or boiling at 100 °C. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 14, 23 64. What conditions can increase the risk of Clostridium difficile infection? Sample Answer: Clostridium difficile infections often occur after long-term antibiotic or proton pump inhibitor use. Individuals who are immunocompromised are at increased risk. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 65. What toxins are produced by Clostridium difficile? Sample Answer: Clostridium difficile produces C. difficile toxin A (TcdA) and C. difficile toxin B (TcdB). Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 66. How can astroviruses be diagnosed? Sample Answer: To diagnose astroviruses, stool samples are examined and then tested using enzyme immunoassays and electron microscopy. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 67. What are the best approaches to controlling rotoviruses, noroviruses, and astroviruses? Sample Answer: Good hygiene and sanitation, including good hand-washing techniques, are very helpful. Changing disinfectant procedures may be necessary because standard procedures may not be sufficient. Sick individuals should stay away from healthy individuals to reduce the risk of transmission. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 14, 23 68. How do hepatitis viruses cause jaundice? Sample Answer: Hepatitis viruses affect the liver (“hepatitis” means inflammation of the liver). As the viruses replicate in liver cells, they interfere with the ability of the liver to break down hemoglobin. This leads to a buildup in the blood of bilirubin, a breakdown product of hemoglobin. Because the normal metabolism and breakdown of bilirubin is disrupted, the color of the excessive bilirubin produces the yellowish skin color associated TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 14 of 16 with jaundice. The same color can be seen as one of the colors of a bruise, appearing during the breakdown of hemoglobin. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 69. Why is the HBV vaccine recommended for health-care workers? Sample Answer: HBV can be transmitted through body fluids. Health-care workers are at increased risk of exposure due to possible needle sticks or other exposure to body fluids. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 70. How does the HBV vaccine protect against HDV? Sample Answer: Individuals can only develop an HDV infection if they are already infected with HBV. HDV requires the HBV virus to replicate. If someone has been vaccinated against HBV, they can’t become infected with HDV. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 71. Why is an enzyme immunoassay insufficient to determine whether someone has amoebic dysentery at the time of the exam versus at some time in the past? Sample Answer: Enzyme immunoassays detect antibodies. Someone who has been previously exposed to Entamoeba histolytica would have antibodies for it even if not currently infected. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 23 72. Why should you generally discontinue any existing antibiotic treatment for a patient with a Clostridium difficile infection? Should you discontinue all treatment? Sample Answer: Clostridium difficile can develop after antibiotic use because the normal flora is disrupted, allowing for C. difficile overgrowth. It’s important to discontinue the current antibiotic because it may have played a role in the development of the infection. Other treatments, including supportive treatments, fecal transplants, metronidazole, and vancomycin, may also be used. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 14, 23 73. How can Giardia transmission through public water supplies be prevented? Sample Answer: Giardia forms cysts that are resistant to chlorine and cold temperatures. Public-water suppliers can use filters to trap the cysts to reduce the risk of infection. It is also important to reduce sources of contamination through which Giardia could get into the water. TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 15 of 16 Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 14, 23 Brief Essay Essay Question Rubric RATING Failing Below Average Competent Advanced Criteria for evaluation Answer does not provide an argument. Answer contains inaccuracies. Writing is poor and contains numerous grammatical mistakes and misspellings. Answer fails to provide examples to support an argument. Writing is poor and grammatical errors are common. Answer is somewhat incoherent. Answer provides an argument with one or two examples that support it. Writing is acceptable for the college level but may contain one or two grammatical mistakes or misspellings. Answer clearly provides an argument with two or more excellent examples that support it; student makes the argument clearly and eloquently. Answer is well organized and free of grammatical errors and misspellings. POINT VALUE 0 1 2 3 Assume rating/grading scale for the question ranges from 0 to 3 points. 74. Describe how you would treat an individual with Giardia, including what could happen if the infection fails to clear. The latter part of the question is not directly answered in the chapter; therefore, you should speculate about what you could do. Answer: Student answers will vary but should include the following. The recommended treatment for Giardia is metronidazole, with tinidazole as a second option. If the infection does not clear during treatment, it can be chronic. Chronic Giardia infections can become resistant and difficult to treat. There are some other medications that have been used to treat Giardia, some experimental treatments have been tried, and nonstandard doses can be used. At that point, a health-care professional would need to consult the most recent guidelines and recommendations, and consider nonstandard treatments. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 14, 23 75. How could you recognize an Ascaris infection from clinical symptoms and laboratory testing? Answer: Student answers will vary but should include the following. Symptoms of Ascaris infection may be mild to nonexistent, or patients may have shortness of breath, cough, abdominal pain, nausea, bloody stool, weight loss, and fatigue. Intestinal blockage occasionally occurs and worms may be visible to the naked eye in stool. Examination of the stool can be used to identify worms and/or eggs. Worms may also be coughed up. Imaging TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER T E S T B A N K S E L L E R . C O M OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 24: Digestive System Infections Page 16 of 16 (including radiographs, MRIs, and ultrasounds) can be used to look for large numbers of worms, as could occur in a blockage. Difficulty: Moderate ASM Standard: 23 76. Explain the relationship between immunosuppression and Strongyloides infections. Answer: Student answers will vary but should include the following. Strongyloides infections are often asymptomatic and the immune system keeps the infection under control. Immunosuppression affects the infection in several ways. It increases the rate of autoinfection, in which the worms re-enter the body after excretion. It also increases the ability of larvae to migrate throughout the body. As a result, someone who was previously asymptomatic could develop severe symptoms after treatment with immunosuppressive medication or due to factors (such as illness) that cause immunosuppression. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 23 77. You suspect that an individual has a helminthic infection. How can you narrow down the cause to choose the best treatment? Answer: Student answers will vary but should include the following. Symptoms of different helminthic infections vary and should help reduce the list of best testing protocols. Additionally, many helminthic parasites can be detected through microscopic examination of the stool. By doing this test first, it could be possible to identify the organism if the symptoms alone were not sufficient to decide on a diagnostic protocol. Depending on the symptoms, imaging may be helpful if there is evidence of a localized problem (e.g., an abscess or neurological symptoms). Muscle biopsies, serological testing, and immunological testing, among other options, are also available but most useful if a particular organism is suspected. Difficulty: Difficult ASM Standard: 14, 23 This file is copyright 2017, Rice University. All rights reserved. TESTBANKSELLER.COM TESTBANKSELLER.COM #1 TEST BANKS WHOLESALER