Chapter 01: Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing
Hockenberry: Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the major cause of death for children in the United States?
a. Heart disease
b. Childhood cancer
c. Injuries
d. Congenital anomalies
ANS: C
Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year through adolescence. T
for those younger than 1 year is congenital anomalies, and childhood cancers and heart disease cause a
percentage of deaths in children older than 1 year of age.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, “What is meant by family-centered care?” The nurse sh
statement?
a. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family.
b. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system.
c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a child’s life.
d. Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making
process.
ANS: C
The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and support. Family-cent
family as the constant in the child’s life. The family should be enabled and empowered to work with th
expected to be part of the decision-making process. The nurse should also support the family’s cultural
effect.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which?
a. Using information in textbooks to guide care
b. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
c. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision making
d. Gathering all evidence that applies to the child’s health and family situation
ANS: B
EBP helps focus on measurable outcomes; the use of demonstrated, effective interventions; and questio
involves decision making based on the integration of the best research evidence combined with clinica
values.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
4. Which best describes signs and symptoms as part of a nursing diagnosis?
a. Description of potential risk factors
b. Identification of actual health problems
c. Human response to state of illness or health
d. Cues and clusters derived from patient assessment
ANS: D
Signs and symptoms are the cues and clusters of defining characteristics that are derived from a patient
actual health problems. The first part of the nursing diagnosis is the problem statement, also known as
, 5. The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school program about child
Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?
a. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children.
b. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity.
c. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction
of fluorinated water.
d. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be
diagnosed in adolescents.
ANS: A
When teaching parents of school-age children about childhood health problems, the nurse should inclu
childhood obesity because it is the most common problem among children and is associated with type
about ways to prevent obesity is important to include. Immunization rates differ depending on the child
caries continues to be a common chronic disease in childhood; and mental health problems are seen in
age, not just in adolescents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to ensu
a. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
b. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
c. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral
medications.
d. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there
is not time for it to be effective.
ANS: C
The overriding goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do no harm. Allowing the child a choice of ju
medications provides the child with a sense of control. The preschool child should be prepared before p
explanations of procedures would increase anxiety. The family should be allowed to stay with the child
minimizing stress. Lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream is a topical local anesthetic. The nurse should p
cream in time for morning laboratory draws to minimize pain.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. Which situation denotes a nontherapeutic nurse–patient–family relationship?
a. The nurse is planning to read a favorite fairy tale to a patient.
b. During shift report, the nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their child.
c. The nurse is discussing with a fellow nurse the emotional draw to a certain
patient.
d. The nurse is working with a family to find ways to decrease the family’s
dependence on health care providers.
ANS: B
Criticizing parents for not visiting in shift report is nontherapeutic and shows an under involvement wi
fairy tale is a therapeutic and age appropriate action. Discussing feelings of an emotional draw with a f
and shows a willingness to understand feelings. Working with parents to decrease dependence on healt
therapeutic and helps to empower the family.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing TOP: Integrated Process: Caring
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
8. The nurse is aware that which age-group is at risk for childhood injury because of the cognitive charac
egocentric thinking?
a. Preschool
b. Young school age
c. Middle school age
d. Adolescent
Hockenberry: Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 11th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the major cause of death for children in the United States?
a. Heart disease
b. Childhood cancer
c. Injuries
d. Congenital anomalies
ANS: C
Unintentional injuries (accidents) are the leading cause of death after age 1 year through adolescence. T
for those younger than 1 year is congenital anomalies, and childhood cancers and heart disease cause a
percentage of deaths in children older than 1 year of age.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. Parents of a hospitalized toddler ask the nurse, “What is meant by family-centered care?” The nurse sh
statement?
a. Family-centered care reduces the effect of cultural diversity on the family.
b. Family-centered care encourages family dependence on the health care system.
c. Family-centered care recognizes that the family is the constant in a child’s life.
d. Family-centered care avoids expecting families to be part of the decision-making
process.
ANS: C
The three key components of family-centered care are respect, collaboration, and support. Family-cent
family as the constant in the child’s life. The family should be enabled and empowered to work with th
expected to be part of the decision-making process. The nurse should also support the family’s cultural
effect.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. Evidence-based practice (EBP), a decision-making model, is best described as which?
a. Using information in textbooks to guide care
b. Combining knowledge with clinical experience and intuition
c. Using a professional code of ethics as a means for decision making
d. Gathering all evidence that applies to the child’s health and family situation
ANS: B
EBP helps focus on measurable outcomes; the use of demonstrated, effective interventions; and questio
involves decision making based on the integration of the best research evidence combined with clinica
values.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
4. Which best describes signs and symptoms as part of a nursing diagnosis?
a. Description of potential risk factors
b. Identification of actual health problems
c. Human response to state of illness or health
d. Cues and clusters derived from patient assessment
ANS: D
Signs and symptoms are the cues and clusters of defining characteristics that are derived from a patient
actual health problems. The first part of the nursing diagnosis is the problem statement, also known as
, 5. The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school program about child
Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?
a. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children.
b. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity.
c. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction
of fluorinated water.
d. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be
diagnosed in adolescents.
ANS: A
When teaching parents of school-age children about childhood health problems, the nurse should inclu
childhood obesity because it is the most common problem among children and is associated with type
about ways to prevent obesity is important to include. Immunization rates differ depending on the child
caries continues to be a common chronic disease in childhood; and mental health problems are seen in
age, not just in adolescents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. The nurse is planning care for a hospitalized preschool-aged child. Which should the nurse plan to ensu
a. Limit explanation of procedures because the child is preschool aged.
b. Ask that all family members leave the room when performing procedures.
c. Allow the child to choose the type of juice to drink with the administration of oral
medications.
d. Explain that EMLA cream cannot be used for the morning lab draw because there
is not time for it to be effective.
ANS: C
The overriding goal in providing atraumatic care is first, do no harm. Allowing the child a choice of ju
medications provides the child with a sense of control. The preschool child should be prepared before p
explanations of procedures would increase anxiety. The family should be allowed to stay with the child
minimizing stress. Lidocaine/prilocaine (EMLA) cream is a topical local anesthetic. The nurse should p
cream in time for morning laboratory draws to minimize pain.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. Which situation denotes a nontherapeutic nurse–patient–family relationship?
a. The nurse is planning to read a favorite fairy tale to a patient.
b. During shift report, the nurse is criticizing parents for not visiting their child.
c. The nurse is discussing with a fellow nurse the emotional draw to a certain
patient.
d. The nurse is working with a family to find ways to decrease the family’s
dependence on health care providers.
ANS: B
Criticizing parents for not visiting in shift report is nontherapeutic and shows an under involvement wi
fairy tale is a therapeutic and age appropriate action. Discussing feelings of an emotional draw with a f
and shows a willingness to understand feelings. Working with parents to decrease dependence on healt
therapeutic and helps to empower the family.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing TOP: Integrated Process: Caring
MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity
8. The nurse is aware that which age-group is at risk for childhood injury because of the cognitive charac
egocentric thinking?
a. Preschool
b. Young school age
c. Middle school age
d. Adolescent
