Points to Remember
Systems of Classification :
Earliest classiication was given by Aristotle. Divided plants into herbs,
shrubs and trees.
Animals into those with red blood and those who do not have it.
Two kingdom classiication : Given by Carolous Linneaeus–Kingdom–
plantae and kingdom–Animalia.
Five kingdom classiication : By R.H. Whittaker, Monera, Protista, Fungi,
Plantae and Animalia are the ive kingdoms.
The main criteria for classiication of organisms into ive kingdoms include
cell structure, thallus organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and
phylogenetic relationships.
Kingdom Monera :
Has bacteria as sole members.
Bacteria can have shapes like : Coccus (spherical), Bacillus (rod-
shaped),
Vibrium (comma shaped) and spirillum (spiral shaped).
Bacteria found almost everywhere and can be Photosynthetic
autotrophs,
Chemosynthetic autotrophs or Heterotrophs.
Archaebacteria
Bacteria
Eubacteria
, Halophiles (salt-loving)
Thermoacidophiles (in hot springs)
Methanogens (in marsh and in gut of ruminant animals. Produce
methane gas.)
Photosynthetic autotrophs like Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae BGA).
Some like Anabaena and Nostoc have specialized cells called heterocysts
for nitrogen ixation.
Algae bloom is rich growth of blue green algae over the surface of
polluted
water bodies.
Algae bloom releases neurotoxins, deplete oxygen and makes water unit
for use.
Chemosynthetic autotrophs : Oxidise various inorganic substances like
nitrates/nitrites, ammonia and use released energy for their ATP
proudction.
They helps in nutrients recycling of N, P, Fe and S.
Heterotophic bacteria : Decomposers help in making curd, production
of antibiotic, N2 fixation, casuse disesaes like cholera, typhoid, tetanus and
citrus canker.
Mycoplasmas : Completely lack cell wall. Smallest living cells. Can survive
without oxygen. Pathogenic in animals and plants.
Kingdom PROTISTA
(Comprises of all single celled eukaryotes)
Forms a link between plants, animals and fungi.
(i) Chrysophytes (Has diatoms and golden algae/desmids)
Systems of Classification :
Earliest classiication was given by Aristotle. Divided plants into herbs,
shrubs and trees.
Animals into those with red blood and those who do not have it.
Two kingdom classiication : Given by Carolous Linneaeus–Kingdom–
plantae and kingdom–Animalia.
Five kingdom classiication : By R.H. Whittaker, Monera, Protista, Fungi,
Plantae and Animalia are the ive kingdoms.
The main criteria for classiication of organisms into ive kingdoms include
cell structure, thallus organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and
phylogenetic relationships.
Kingdom Monera :
Has bacteria as sole members.
Bacteria can have shapes like : Coccus (spherical), Bacillus (rod-
shaped),
Vibrium (comma shaped) and spirillum (spiral shaped).
Bacteria found almost everywhere and can be Photosynthetic
autotrophs,
Chemosynthetic autotrophs or Heterotrophs.
Archaebacteria
Bacteria
Eubacteria
, Halophiles (salt-loving)
Thermoacidophiles (in hot springs)
Methanogens (in marsh and in gut of ruminant animals. Produce
methane gas.)
Photosynthetic autotrophs like Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae BGA).
Some like Anabaena and Nostoc have specialized cells called heterocysts
for nitrogen ixation.
Algae bloom is rich growth of blue green algae over the surface of
polluted
water bodies.
Algae bloom releases neurotoxins, deplete oxygen and makes water unit
for use.
Chemosynthetic autotrophs : Oxidise various inorganic substances like
nitrates/nitrites, ammonia and use released energy for their ATP
proudction.
They helps in nutrients recycling of N, P, Fe and S.
Heterotophic bacteria : Decomposers help in making curd, production
of antibiotic, N2 fixation, casuse disesaes like cholera, typhoid, tetanus and
citrus canker.
Mycoplasmas : Completely lack cell wall. Smallest living cells. Can survive
without oxygen. Pathogenic in animals and plants.
Kingdom PROTISTA
(Comprises of all single celled eukaryotes)
Forms a link between plants, animals and fungi.
(i) Chrysophytes (Has diatoms and golden algae/desmids)
