Nutrition ATI remediation study guide 2021

1. The recommended weight gain during pregnancy varies for each woman depending on her body mass index (BMI) and weight prior to pregnancy.  Recommended weight gain during the first trimester is 1 to 4 lb.  Recommended weight gain is 2 to 4 lb per month during the second and third trimesters. Trimesters two and three:  Normal weight client – 1 lb/week for a total of 25 to 35 lb.  Underweight client – just more than 1 lb/week for a total of 28 to 40 lb.  Overweight client – 0.66 lb/week for a total of 15 to 25 lb. 2. Lactose Intolerance:  Signs and symptoms: Flatulence, abdominal cramps, bloating, diarrhea  Foods to avoid : milk, cheese, ice cream, cream soups, sour cream, puddings, chocolate, coffee creamer  Nursing intervention: monitor the client for vitamin D deficiency and calcium. 3. Celia disease:  inability to digest the protein gluten  S/S in children: diarrhea, steatorrhea, anemia, abdominal distention, impaired growth, lack of appetite, and fatigue.  S/S in adults include diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, anemia, steatorrhea, and osteomalacia.  increase diet in simple carbohydrates 4. Proteins  Complete proteins are generally from animal sources, contain all of the essential amino acids  Incomplete proteins, generally from plants (grains, nuts, legumes, vegetables, fruits), do not contain all of the essential amino acids.  Complementary proteins are those food sources that, when eaten together, provide all the essential amino acids. 5. Calcium helps in development of bones, teeth, supports the cardiovascular system,  sources: broccoli, kale, egg yorks  Excess calcium can cause kidney stones and constipation  limit calcium intake in patients with chronic kidney condition 6. Diverticulitis  is the inflammation that occurs when fecal matter becomes trapped in the diverticula.  s/s: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, and fever, accompanied by chills and tachycardia. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :40:42 GMT -06:00  Txt: antibiotics, anticholinergics, and analgesics, IV therapy if dehydrated.  Diet: High fiber and low fat  Complications (peritonitis, bowel obstruction, abscess) Colostomy healing:  promote eating foods rich in calories proteins  consume a diet that is high in fluids and soluble fiber.  avoid foods that cause gas (beans, eggs, carbonated beverages), stomal blockage (nuts, raw carrots, popcorn), and foods that produce odor (eggs, fish, garlic). Highest food source of folate  Folate in pregnant women prevents neural tube defecta  Deficiencies cause defects such as spina bifida and anecephaly  Foods to consider: liver, dark-green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, whole-grain products, and legumes Disorders of the eye  Age-related macular degeneration is the central loss of vision that affects the macula of the eye.  there is no cure for macular degeneration.  Client Education Encourage clients to consume foods high in antioxidants, carotene, vitamin E, and B12 Monthly eye exams are essential in managing this disease. TPN: check pre-albumin level  normal 23-43 mg/dL Diabetes Mellitus: Somogyi phenomenon is morning hyperglycemia in response to overnight hypoglycemia.  Providing a bedtime snack and appropriate insulin dose prevents this phenomenon.  monitor blood glucose levels during the night Appropriate snacks for a 9 month old infant  By 9 months of age, the infant should be able to eat table foods that are cooked, chopped, and unseasoned.  Appropriate finger foods include ripe bananas, toast strips, graham crackers, cheese cubes, noodles, and peeled chunks of apples, pears, or peaches.  The infant may be ready for three meals a day with three snacks by 8 months of age.  Homemade baby food is an acceptable feeding option. Do not use canned or packaged foods that are high in sodium. Select fresh or frozen foods, and do not add sugars or other seasonings Postpartum infection: Antibiotic use whilst breastfeeding  Educate the client to take all the medication as prescribed.  Tell the client to notify the provider of the development of watery, bloody diarrhea. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :40:42 GMT -06:00  Tell the client to notify the provider if the client is breastfeeding