D: Resting S: Contracting
CARDIAC OUTPUT: Amount of blood leaving the heart per minute
HEART RATE: Compensatory mechanism in maintaining output (beats/minute)
STROKE VOLUME: Amount of blood pumped by ventricles per beat
PRELOAD: Volume within the ventricle at the end of diastole
AFTERLOAD: Resistance against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole
MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE (MAP): Blood pressure in arteries
, CARDIACT OUTPUT (CO)
Amount (volume) of blood leaving the heart in 1
minute Normal: 3 – 6 L/min
Signs & Symptoms of CO: Treatment:
Physical: Psychological:
o Digoxin
o Urinary output
o + Inotropes
o Cardiac arrhythmias o HR Dobutamine
o Chest pain o LOC Dopamine
o Clammy skin o > 3 cap refill
o Cool skin Milrinone
o Anxiety
o Constipation
o Cyanosis o Confusion
o Deteriorating ABGs o Restlessnes
o Diminished peripheral pulses s
o Dizziness
o Edema
o Fatigue
o Hypercapnia ( carbon dioxide)
o Hypotension
o Poor organ perfusion
o Poor tissue perfusion
o Weakness
CARDIAC OUTPUT: Amount of blood leaving the heart per minute
HEART RATE: Compensatory mechanism in maintaining output (beats/minute)
STROKE VOLUME: Amount of blood pumped by ventricles per beat
PRELOAD: Volume within the ventricle at the end of diastole
AFTERLOAD: Resistance against which the heart must work to eject blood during systole
MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE (MAP): Blood pressure in arteries
, CARDIACT OUTPUT (CO)
Amount (volume) of blood leaving the heart in 1
minute Normal: 3 – 6 L/min
Signs & Symptoms of CO: Treatment:
Physical: Psychological:
o Digoxin
o Urinary output
o + Inotropes
o Cardiac arrhythmias o HR Dobutamine
o Chest pain o LOC Dopamine
o Clammy skin o > 3 cap refill
o Cool skin Milrinone
o Anxiety
o Constipation
o Cyanosis o Confusion
o Deteriorating ABGs o Restlessnes
o Diminished peripheral pulses s
o Dizziness
o Edema
o Fatigue
o Hypercapnia ( carbon dioxide)
o Hypotension
o Poor organ perfusion
o Poor tissue perfusion
o Weakness
