Chapter 01: Fundamentals of Pharmacology
Moscou: Pharmacology for Pharmacy Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. By which of the following routes are drugs administered directly into the bloodstream?
a. Enteral
b. Transdermal
c. Transmucosal
d. Intravenous
ANS: D
Parenteral drugs are injected or infused (slowly injected) directly into a blood vessel, muscle, skin, or j
intrathecal are common routes. Enteral (oral) route requires going through the GI system, transdermal (
requires lipid solubility, and transmucosal (through a membrane) route requires crossing a mucous mem
directly into the bloodstream.
DIF: Cognitive level 2: Comprehension REF: p. p0715 OBJ: 1 | 6
2. Fentanyl is used as a _____.
a. synthetic anesthetic
b. synthetic analgesic
c. natural analgesic
d. natural anesthetic
ANS: B
Fentanyl is a synthetically manufactured analgesic, made by chemical synthesis to mimic the natural dr
pain. Synthetic anesthetics are chemically synthesized for the lack of response to pain. Natural product
typically derived from plants, animals, or minerals; fentanyl is not a natural product and therefore wou
analgesic.
DIF: Cognitive level 2: Comprehension REF: p. p0425 OBJ: 5 | 7
3. To help reduce nausea, the natural drug _____ can be used.
a. digitalis
b. peppermint
c. caffeine
d. quinine
ANS: B
Some common beverages and foods are natural drugs. Coffee and tea contain the drug caffeine. Ginger
ingredients that can reduce nausea. While the other options are natural drugs, they are not used as a dru
DIF: Cognitive level 3: Application REF: p. p0420 OBJ: 5
4. Which of the following options results in an untrue statement about pharmacy technicians? Pharmacy t
good knowledge of pharmacology understand the importance of _____.
a. drug interactions
b. therapeutic duplication
c. lab values
d. excessive dose alerts
ANS: C
Knowledge of pharmacology facilitates selection of warning labels for drugs dispensed. Pharmacy tech
knowledge of pharmacology understand the importance of recognizing drug interactions, therapeutic d
dose alerts screened by the computer. Knowing and interpreting lab values is beyond the scope of a ph
to the professional judgment of the pharmacist.
DIF: Cognitive level 2: Comprehension REF: p. p0140 OBJ: 1
, 6. Which of the following is the phase of the drug approval process that initially determines the safety and
disease being studied?
a. Phase 1
b. Phase 2
c. Phase 3
d. Phase 4
ANS: B
In phase 1 clinical trials, the drug is administered to a small number of healthy volunteers who are enro
Phase 2 studies are controlled trials with a limited number of patients with the condition to be treated. D
collected to determine the drug’s efficacy and the drug’s side effects in patients with the disease. A pha
drug safety is evaluated, and the benefit of taking the drug is compared with the risks associated with ta
are studies that are conducted after the drug is marketed to the public to determine safety and effectiven
“real-world” conditions.
DIF: Cognitive level 2: Comprehension REF: p. p0450 OBJ: 4
7. Which of the following is the phase of the drug approval process that determines effectiveness of the d
a. Phase 1
b. Phase 2
c. Phase 3
d. Phase 4
ANS: A
In phase 1 clinical trials, the drug is administered to a small number of healthy volunteers who are enro
Phase 2 studies are controlled trials with a limited number of patients with the condition to be treated. D
collected to determine the drug’s efficacy and the drug’s side effects in patients with the disease. A pha
drug safety is evaluated, and the benefit of taking the drug is compared with the risks associated with ta
are studies that are conducted after the drug is marketed to the public to determine safety and effectiven
“real-world” conditions.
DIF: Cognitive level 2: Comprehension REF: p. p0450 OBJ: 4
8. One of the main purposes of drug therapy is to _____.
a. analyze symptoms
b. maintain side effects produced by drug therapy
c. eradicate disease
d. help cure disease
ANS: D
The aim of drug therapy is to diagnose, treat, cure, or lessen the symptoms of disease. Analyzing symp
and drug therapy may be changed based on the results, but it’s not the main purpose of drug therapy. M
implies that drug therapy is to only maintain or control side effects and not diagnose, treat, cure, or less
While some drug therapies can help eradicate disease, it is not the main purpose since most diseases ca
eliminated.
DIF: Cognitive level 2: Comprehension REF: p. p0430 OBJ: 1
9. The streamlined generic drug approval process is a result of which of the following acts?
a. Patent Restoration Act
b. Pure Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
c. Food and Drug Administration Reauthorization Act
d. Drug Price Competition Act
ANS: B
In 1906, the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed to protect the public from ineffective and harmful dru
in 1938 and standards for allowing new drugs onto the market were set. The Drug Price Competition A
Act (1984) encouraged the creation of generic drugs by streamlining the drug approval process for drug
patented. Food and Drug Administration Reauthorization Act is a new law that includes the reauthoriza
Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) that provides FDA with the necessary resources to maintain a predictable
Moscou: Pharmacology for Pharmacy Technicians, 3rd Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. By which of the following routes are drugs administered directly into the bloodstream?
a. Enteral
b. Transdermal
c. Transmucosal
d. Intravenous
ANS: D
Parenteral drugs are injected or infused (slowly injected) directly into a blood vessel, muscle, skin, or j
intrathecal are common routes. Enteral (oral) route requires going through the GI system, transdermal (
requires lipid solubility, and transmucosal (through a membrane) route requires crossing a mucous mem
directly into the bloodstream.
DIF: Cognitive level 2: Comprehension REF: p. p0715 OBJ: 1 | 6
2. Fentanyl is used as a _____.
a. synthetic anesthetic
b. synthetic analgesic
c. natural analgesic
d. natural anesthetic
ANS: B
Fentanyl is a synthetically manufactured analgesic, made by chemical synthesis to mimic the natural dr
pain. Synthetic anesthetics are chemically synthesized for the lack of response to pain. Natural product
typically derived from plants, animals, or minerals; fentanyl is not a natural product and therefore wou
analgesic.
DIF: Cognitive level 2: Comprehension REF: p. p0425 OBJ: 5 | 7
3. To help reduce nausea, the natural drug _____ can be used.
a. digitalis
b. peppermint
c. caffeine
d. quinine
ANS: B
Some common beverages and foods are natural drugs. Coffee and tea contain the drug caffeine. Ginger
ingredients that can reduce nausea. While the other options are natural drugs, they are not used as a dru
DIF: Cognitive level 3: Application REF: p. p0420 OBJ: 5
4. Which of the following options results in an untrue statement about pharmacy technicians? Pharmacy t
good knowledge of pharmacology understand the importance of _____.
a. drug interactions
b. therapeutic duplication
c. lab values
d. excessive dose alerts
ANS: C
Knowledge of pharmacology facilitates selection of warning labels for drugs dispensed. Pharmacy tech
knowledge of pharmacology understand the importance of recognizing drug interactions, therapeutic d
dose alerts screened by the computer. Knowing and interpreting lab values is beyond the scope of a ph
to the professional judgment of the pharmacist.
DIF: Cognitive level 2: Comprehension REF: p. p0140 OBJ: 1
, 6. Which of the following is the phase of the drug approval process that initially determines the safety and
disease being studied?
a. Phase 1
b. Phase 2
c. Phase 3
d. Phase 4
ANS: B
In phase 1 clinical trials, the drug is administered to a small number of healthy volunteers who are enro
Phase 2 studies are controlled trials with a limited number of patients with the condition to be treated. D
collected to determine the drug’s efficacy and the drug’s side effects in patients with the disease. A pha
drug safety is evaluated, and the benefit of taking the drug is compared with the risks associated with ta
are studies that are conducted after the drug is marketed to the public to determine safety and effectiven
“real-world” conditions.
DIF: Cognitive level 2: Comprehension REF: p. p0450 OBJ: 4
7. Which of the following is the phase of the drug approval process that determines effectiveness of the d
a. Phase 1
b. Phase 2
c. Phase 3
d. Phase 4
ANS: A
In phase 1 clinical trials, the drug is administered to a small number of healthy volunteers who are enro
Phase 2 studies are controlled trials with a limited number of patients with the condition to be treated. D
collected to determine the drug’s efficacy and the drug’s side effects in patients with the disease. A pha
drug safety is evaluated, and the benefit of taking the drug is compared with the risks associated with ta
are studies that are conducted after the drug is marketed to the public to determine safety and effectiven
“real-world” conditions.
DIF: Cognitive level 2: Comprehension REF: p. p0450 OBJ: 4
8. One of the main purposes of drug therapy is to _____.
a. analyze symptoms
b. maintain side effects produced by drug therapy
c. eradicate disease
d. help cure disease
ANS: D
The aim of drug therapy is to diagnose, treat, cure, or lessen the symptoms of disease. Analyzing symp
and drug therapy may be changed based on the results, but it’s not the main purpose of drug therapy. M
implies that drug therapy is to only maintain or control side effects and not diagnose, treat, cure, or less
While some drug therapies can help eradicate disease, it is not the main purpose since most diseases ca
eliminated.
DIF: Cognitive level 2: Comprehension REF: p. p0430 OBJ: 1
9. The streamlined generic drug approval process is a result of which of the following acts?
a. Patent Restoration Act
b. Pure Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
c. Food and Drug Administration Reauthorization Act
d. Drug Price Competition Act
ANS: B
In 1906, the Pure Food and Drug Act was passed to protect the public from ineffective and harmful dru
in 1938 and standards for allowing new drugs onto the market were set. The Drug Price Competition A
Act (1984) encouraged the creation of generic drugs by streamlining the drug approval process for drug
patented. Food and Drug Administration Reauthorization Act is a new law that includes the reauthoriza
Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) that provides FDA with the necessary resources to maintain a predictable
