,Contents
Preface ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ix
Section I: General Principles of Pharmacology
Questions
I-1 Pharmacokinetics................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
I-2 Pharmacodynamics ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7
I-3 Adverse Effects of Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Answers and Explanations
I-1 Pharmacokinetics............................................................................................................................................................................. 15
I-2 Pharmacodynamics ........................................................................................................................................................................... 21
I-3 Adverse Effects of Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Section II: Autonomic Nervous System
Questions
II-1 Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology ................................................................................................................................... 31
II-2 Adrenergic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................... 34
II-3 Antiadrenergic Drugs ........................................................................................................................................................................ 40
II-4 Cholinergic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 44
II-5 Anticholinergic Drugs ..................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Answers and Explanations
II-1 Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology ................................................................................................................................... 52
II-2 Adrenergic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................... 55
II-3 Antiadrenergic Drugs ........................................................................................................................................................................ 62
II-4 Cholinergic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 66
II-5 Anticholinergic Drugs ....................................................................................................................................................................... 71
Section III: Central Nervous System
Questions
III-1 Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology ............................................................................................................ 77
III-2 Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs ......................................................................................................................................................... 80
III-3 General Anesthetics ......................................................................................................................................................................... 84
III-4 Local Anesthetics ............................................................................................................................................................................... 88
III-5 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants ................................................................................................................................................................. 91
III-6 Antiseizure Drugs............................................................................................................................................................................. 95
III-7 Drugs for Degenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System. . 102
III-8 Neuroleptic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 106
III-9 Drugs for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders ............................................................................................................................... 111
III-10 Drugs for Bipolar Disorders .......................................................................................................................................................... 116
III-11 Drugs for Childhood Behavioral Disorders ................................................................................................................................... 119
III-12 Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists .............................................................................................................................................. 122
III-13 Drugs of Abuse ............................................................................................................................................................................... 128
v
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Answers and Explanations
III-1 Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology ............................................................................................................ 134
III-2 Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs ......................................................................................................................................................... 137
III-3 General Anesthetics ......................................................................................................................................................................... 141
III-4 Local Anesthetics ........................................................................................................................................................................... 145
III-5 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants ............................................................................................................................................................. 148
III-6 Antiseizure Drugs............................................................................................................................................................................. 152
III-7 Drugs for Degenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System. . 158
III-8 Neuroleptic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 162
III-9 Drugs for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders. . 166
III-10 Drugs for Bipolar Disorders .......................................................................................................................................................... 171
III-11 Drugs for Childhood Behavioral Disorders ................................................................................................................................... 174
III-12 Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists .............................................................................................................................................. 177
III-13 Drugs of Abuse ............................................................................................................................................................................... 183
Section IV: Cardiovascular and Renal Systems
Questions
IV-1 Diuretics .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 191
IV-2 Drugs for Ischemic Heart Disease .................................................................................................................................................. 196
IV-3 Drugs for Cardiac Failure ................................................................................................................................................................. 200
IV-4 Antihypertensive Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................ 206
IV-5 Antiarrhythmic Drugs...................................................................................................................................................................... 212
IV-6 Antihyperlipidemic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................ 218
IV-7 Drugs Affecting Hemostasis ......................................................................................................................................................... 222
Answers and Explanations
IV-1 Diuretics .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 227
IV-2 Drugs for Ischemic Heart Disease .................................................................................................................................................. 232
IV-3 Drugs for Cardiac Failure ................................................................................................................................................................. 237
IV-4 Antihypertensive Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................ 245
IV-5 Antiarrhythmic Drugs...................................................................................................................................................................... 251
IV-6 Antihyperlipidemic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................ 257
IV-7 Drugs Affecting Hemostasis ......................................................................................................................................................... 261
Section V: Endocrine System
Questions
V-1 Drugs for Hypothalamic and Pituitary Disorders ....................................................................................................................... 267
V-2 Drugs for Thyroid Disorders ......................................................................................................................................................... 271
V-3 Corticosteroids and Antagonists .................................................................................................................................................. 276
V-4 Drugs for Gonadal Disorders .......................................................................................................................................................... 282
V-5 Drugs for Bone Homeostasis ......................................................................................................................................................... 288
V-6 Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus ............................................................................................................................................................ 292
Answers and Explanations
V-1 Drugs for Hypothalamic and Pituitary Disorders ....................................................................................................................... 298
V-2 Drugs for Thyroid Disorders ......................................................................................................................................................... 303
V-3 Corticosteroids and Antagonists .................................................................................................................................................. 308
, Contents vii
V-4 Drugs for Gonadal Disorders .......................................................................................................................................................... 315
V-5 Drugs for Bone Homeostasis ........................................................................................................................................................... 321
V-6 Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus .......................................................................................................................................................... 326
Section VI: Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, and Hematopoietic Systems
Questions
VI-1 Drugs for Bronchospastic Disorders .............................................................................................................................................. 333
VI-2 Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders ........................................................................................................................................... 338
VI-3 Drugs for Hematopoietic Disorders ............................................................................................................................................... 344
Answers and Explanations
VI-1 Drugs for Bronchospastic Disorders .............................................................................................................................................. 348
VI-2 Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders ........................................................................................................................................... 354
VI-3 Drugs for Hematopoietic Disorders ............................................................................................................................................... 359
Section VII: Infammation and Immunomodulation
Questions
VII-1 Histamine and Serotonin: Agonists and Antagonists . . 363
VII-2 Eicosanoids: Agonists, Antagonists, and Inhibitors ..................................................................................................................... 367
VII-3 Nonsteroidal Antiinfammatory Drugs ....................................................................................................................................... 370
VII-4 Immunomodulating Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................. 374
VII-5 Drugs for Arthritis and Gout .......................................................................................................................................................... 378
Answers and Explanations
VII-1 Histamine and Serotonin: Agonists and Antagonists . . 381
VII-2 Eicosanoids: Agonists, Antagonists, and Inhibitors ..................................................................................................................... 385
VII-3 Nonsteroidal Antiinfammatory Drugs ....................................................................................................................................... 387
VII-4 Immunomodulating Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................. 392
VII-5 Drugs for Arthritis and Gout .......................................................................................................................................................... 396
Section VIII: Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Questions
VIII-1 Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors ....................................................................................................................................... 400
VIII-2 Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ........................................................................................................................................... 408
VIII-3 Inhibitors of Bacterial Nucleic Acid Synthesis or Function......................................................................................................... 415
VIII-4 Antimycobacterial Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................ 420
VIII-5 Antifungal Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 423
VIII-6 Antiviral Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................... 427
VIII-7 Antiprotozoal Drugs ........................................................................................................................................................................ 433
VIII-8 Anthelmintic Drugs ....................................................................................................................................................................... 436
VIII-9 Antineoplastic Drugs ..................................................................................................................................................................... 439
Answers and Explanations
VIII-1 Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors ....................................................................................................................................... 446
VIII-2 Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ........................................................................................................................................... 455
VIII-3 Inhibitors of Bacterial Nucleic Acid Synthesis or Function ......................................................................................................... 462
VIII-4 Antimycobacterial Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................. 466
Preface ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ix
Section I: General Principles of Pharmacology
Questions
I-1 Pharmacokinetics................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
I-2 Pharmacodynamics ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7
I-3 Adverse Effects of Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Answers and Explanations
I-1 Pharmacokinetics............................................................................................................................................................................. 15
I-2 Pharmacodynamics ........................................................................................................................................................................... 21
I-3 Adverse Effects of Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Section II: Autonomic Nervous System
Questions
II-1 Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology ................................................................................................................................... 31
II-2 Adrenergic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................... 34
II-3 Antiadrenergic Drugs ........................................................................................................................................................................ 40
II-4 Cholinergic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 44
II-5 Anticholinergic Drugs ..................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Answers and Explanations
II-1 Introduction to Autonomic Pharmacology ................................................................................................................................... 52
II-2 Adrenergic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................... 55
II-3 Antiadrenergic Drugs ........................................................................................................................................................................ 62
II-4 Cholinergic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 66
II-5 Anticholinergic Drugs ....................................................................................................................................................................... 71
Section III: Central Nervous System
Questions
III-1 Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology ............................................................................................................ 77
III-2 Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs ......................................................................................................................................................... 80
III-3 General Anesthetics ......................................................................................................................................................................... 84
III-4 Local Anesthetics ............................................................................................................................................................................... 88
III-5 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants ................................................................................................................................................................. 91
III-6 Antiseizure Drugs............................................................................................................................................................................. 95
III-7 Drugs for Degenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System. . 102
III-8 Neuroleptic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 106
III-9 Drugs for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders ............................................................................................................................... 111
III-10 Drugs for Bipolar Disorders .......................................................................................................................................................... 116
III-11 Drugs for Childhood Behavioral Disorders ................................................................................................................................... 119
III-12 Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists .............................................................................................................................................. 122
III-13 Drugs of Abuse ............................................................................................................................................................................... 128
v
, vi Contents
Answers and Explanations
III-1 Introduction to Central Nervous System Pharmacology ............................................................................................................ 134
III-2 Sedative and Hypnotic Drugs ......................................................................................................................................................... 137
III-3 General Anesthetics ......................................................................................................................................................................... 141
III-4 Local Anesthetics ........................................................................................................................................................................... 145
III-5 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants ............................................................................................................................................................. 148
III-6 Antiseizure Drugs............................................................................................................................................................................. 152
III-7 Drugs for Degenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System. . 158
III-8 Neuroleptic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 162
III-9 Drugs for Depressive and Anxiety Disorders. . 166
III-10 Drugs for Bipolar Disorders .......................................................................................................................................................... 171
III-11 Drugs for Childhood Behavioral Disorders ................................................................................................................................... 174
III-12 Opioid Analgesics and Antagonists .............................................................................................................................................. 177
III-13 Drugs of Abuse ............................................................................................................................................................................... 183
Section IV: Cardiovascular and Renal Systems
Questions
IV-1 Diuretics .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 191
IV-2 Drugs for Ischemic Heart Disease .................................................................................................................................................. 196
IV-3 Drugs for Cardiac Failure ................................................................................................................................................................. 200
IV-4 Antihypertensive Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................ 206
IV-5 Antiarrhythmic Drugs...................................................................................................................................................................... 212
IV-6 Antihyperlipidemic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................ 218
IV-7 Drugs Affecting Hemostasis ......................................................................................................................................................... 222
Answers and Explanations
IV-1 Diuretics .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 227
IV-2 Drugs for Ischemic Heart Disease .................................................................................................................................................. 232
IV-3 Drugs for Cardiac Failure ................................................................................................................................................................. 237
IV-4 Antihypertensive Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................ 245
IV-5 Antiarrhythmic Drugs...................................................................................................................................................................... 251
IV-6 Antihyperlipidemic Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................ 257
IV-7 Drugs Affecting Hemostasis ......................................................................................................................................................... 261
Section V: Endocrine System
Questions
V-1 Drugs for Hypothalamic and Pituitary Disorders ....................................................................................................................... 267
V-2 Drugs for Thyroid Disorders ......................................................................................................................................................... 271
V-3 Corticosteroids and Antagonists .................................................................................................................................................. 276
V-4 Drugs for Gonadal Disorders .......................................................................................................................................................... 282
V-5 Drugs for Bone Homeostasis ......................................................................................................................................................... 288
V-6 Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus ............................................................................................................................................................ 292
Answers and Explanations
V-1 Drugs for Hypothalamic and Pituitary Disorders ....................................................................................................................... 298
V-2 Drugs for Thyroid Disorders ......................................................................................................................................................... 303
V-3 Corticosteroids and Antagonists .................................................................................................................................................. 308
, Contents vii
V-4 Drugs for Gonadal Disorders .......................................................................................................................................................... 315
V-5 Drugs for Bone Homeostasis ........................................................................................................................................................... 321
V-6 Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus .......................................................................................................................................................... 326
Section VI: Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, and Hematopoietic Systems
Questions
VI-1 Drugs for Bronchospastic Disorders .............................................................................................................................................. 333
VI-2 Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders ........................................................................................................................................... 338
VI-3 Drugs for Hematopoietic Disorders ............................................................................................................................................... 344
Answers and Explanations
VI-1 Drugs for Bronchospastic Disorders .............................................................................................................................................. 348
VI-2 Drugs for Gastrointestinal Disorders ........................................................................................................................................... 354
VI-3 Drugs for Hematopoietic Disorders ............................................................................................................................................... 359
Section VII: Infammation and Immunomodulation
Questions
VII-1 Histamine and Serotonin: Agonists and Antagonists . . 363
VII-2 Eicosanoids: Agonists, Antagonists, and Inhibitors ..................................................................................................................... 367
VII-3 Nonsteroidal Antiinfammatory Drugs ....................................................................................................................................... 370
VII-4 Immunomodulating Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................. 374
VII-5 Drugs for Arthritis and Gout .......................................................................................................................................................... 378
Answers and Explanations
VII-1 Histamine and Serotonin: Agonists and Antagonists . . 381
VII-2 Eicosanoids: Agonists, Antagonists, and Inhibitors ..................................................................................................................... 385
VII-3 Nonsteroidal Antiinfammatory Drugs ....................................................................................................................................... 387
VII-4 Immunomodulating Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................. 392
VII-5 Drugs for Arthritis and Gout .......................................................................................................................................................... 396
Section VIII: Chemotherapeutic Drugs
Questions
VIII-1 Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors ....................................................................................................................................... 400
VIII-2 Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ........................................................................................................................................... 408
VIII-3 Inhibitors of Bacterial Nucleic Acid Synthesis or Function......................................................................................................... 415
VIII-4 Antimycobacterial Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................ 420
VIII-5 Antifungal Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................ 423
VIII-6 Antiviral Drugs ............................................................................................................................................................................... 427
VIII-7 Antiprotozoal Drugs ........................................................................................................................................................................ 433
VIII-8 Anthelmintic Drugs ....................................................................................................................................................................... 436
VIII-9 Antineoplastic Drugs ..................................................................................................................................................................... 439
Answers and Explanations
VIII-1 Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors ....................................................................................................................................... 446
VIII-2 Bacterial Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ........................................................................................................................................... 455
VIII-3 Inhibitors of Bacterial Nucleic Acid Synthesis or Function ......................................................................................................... 462
VIII-4 Antimycobacterial Drugs ................................................................................................................................................................. 466
