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Sumario LEYES DE KEPLER

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DEFINICIÓN DE LAS LLEYES DE KEPLER.

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LEYES DE KEPLER
Las leyes de kepler decriben el movimiento de los planetas alrededor del Sol:
La primera ley de Kepler establese que la trayectoria alrededor del sol, es elíptico con
el sol en uno de sus focos.
La segunda ley de Kepler establece que un planeta se mueve de modo que una linea
imaginaria se traza del Sol al planeta, cubre áreas iguales en periodos iguales.
La tercera ley de Kepler establece que la razón de los cuadrados de los periodos de
dos planetas girando alrededor del Sol, es igual a larazón de los cubos de sus
semiejes mayores, los cuales representan la distancia de los planetas al Sol.

T21 s31
= 3
T22 s2

La tercera ley de Kepler también se combina con la segunda ley de Newton y la ley de la
gravitación universal para aplicarse al caso de una órbita en donde el semieje es el radio
de un círculo.

𝑣2 𝑚𝑀
𝑚 2 = G 2
𝑟 𝑟

Donde r es la distancia de un planeta al Sol, m es la masa del planeta, M es la masa
del Sol y v es la rapidez del planeta.

2π𝑟
𝑣 =
T

Donde T es el periodo ue tarda un planeta en completar la órbita. Después se sustituye
en la ecuación. La ecuación final se llama síntesis de Newton.

2π𝑟 2
( ) 𝑚𝑀
T
𝑚 = G
r2 𝑟2

4π2 𝑟2
T2 𝑚𝑀
𝑚 = G
r2 𝑟2

4π2 𝑚𝑀
𝑚 = G
T2 𝑟2

4π2 T2
= 2
GM 𝑟

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