Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of
Medicine Testbank/Studyguide
Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
1. Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result
of:
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
B) improved intracellular volume regulation.
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane.
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
2. The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to _ of the remaining liver cells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy
C) compensatory hyperplasia
D) physiologic hypertrophy
3. A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially cleared,
but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia caused a cerebral
infarction and resulting _ in the brain.
A) caspase activation
B) coagulation necrosis
C) rapid phagocytosis
,D) protein p53 deficiency
4. Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by , which is unique from the intracellular damage
caused by other injurious agents.
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes
C) replicating and producing continued injury
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function
5. The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypoxic
cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane.
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell.
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria.
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
A) increased fat load.
B) altered permeability.
C) altered glucose utilization.
D) increased surface receptors.
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
A) stimulus overload.
B) genetic mutations.
C) chemical messengers.
D) mitochondrial DNA.
,8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
A) increased cell protein synthesis.
B) altered cell volume regulation.
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
9. A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on a
piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell death is
characterized by:
A) rapid apoptosis.
B) cellular rupture.
C) shrinkage and collapse.
D) chronic inflammation.
10. A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group
of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
A) changes with genetic influences.
B) elimination of cell receptor sites.
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme.
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
11. An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina
during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following
phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
, that underlies her reduced mobility?
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
12. A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for
evidence of:
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization.
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
C) ischemic changes in cell samples.
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field.
13. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
calcification?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
B) Liver cirrhosis
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
14. Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary
rationale for the technicians precautions?
Medicine Testbank/Studyguide
Chapter 1: Cell Adaptation, Injury and Death
1. Ischemia and other toxic injuries increase the accumulation of intracellular calcium as a result
of:
A) release of stored calcium from the mitochondria.
B) improved intracellular volume regulation.
C) decreased influx across the cell membrane.
D) attraction of calcium to fatty infiltrates.
2. The patient is found to have liver disease, resulting in the removal of a lobe of his liver.
Adaptation to the reduced size of the liver leads to _ of the remaining liver cells.
A) metaplasia
B) organ atrophy
C) compensatory hyperplasia
D) physiologic hypertrophy
3. A person eating peanuts starts choking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially cleared,
but he remains hypoxic until he reaches the hospital. The prolonged cell hypoxia caused a cerebral
infarction and resulting _ in the brain.
A) caspase activation
B) coagulation necrosis
C) rapid phagocytosis
,D) protein p53 deficiency
4. Bacteria and viruses cause cell damage by , which is unique from the intracellular damage
caused by other injurious agents.
A) disrupting the sodium/potassium ATPase pump
B) interrupting oxidative metabolism processes
C) replicating and producing continued injury
D) decreasing protein synthesis and function
5. The patient has a prolonged interruption in arterial blood flow to his left kidney, causing hypoxic
cell injury and the release of free radicals. Free radicals damage cells by:
A) destroying phospholipids in the cell membrane.
B) altering the immune response of the cell.
C) disrupting calcium storage in the cell.
D) inactivation of enzymes and mitochondria.
6. Injured cells have impaired flow of substances through the cell membrane as a result of:
A) increased fat load.
B) altered permeability.
C) altered glucose utilization.
D) increased surface receptors.
7. Reversible adaptive intracellular responses are initiated by:
A) stimulus overload.
B) genetic mutations.
C) chemical messengers.
D) mitochondrial DNA.
,8. Injured cells become very swollen as a result of:
A) increased cell protein synthesis.
B) altered cell volume regulation.
C) passive entry of potassium into the cell.
D) bleb formation in the plasma membrane.
9. A diabetic patient has impaired sensation, circulation, and oxygenation of his feet. He steps on a
piece of glass, the wound does not heal, and the area tissue becomes necrotic. The necrotic cell death is
characterized by:
A) rapid apoptosis.
B) cellular rupture.
C) shrinkage and collapse.
D) chronic inflammation.
10. A 99-year-old woman has experienced the decline of cell function associated with age. A group
of theories of cellular aging focus on programmed:
A) changes with genetic influences.
B) elimination of cell receptor sites.
C) insufficient telomerase enzyme.
D) DNA mutation or faulty repair.
11. An 89-year-old female patient has experienced significant decreases in her mobility and stamina
during a 3-week hospital stay for the treatment of a femoral head fracture. Which of the following
phenomena most likely accounts for the patients decrease in muscle function
, that underlies her reduced mobility?
A) Impaired muscle cell metabolism resulting from metaplasia
B) Dysplasia as a consequence of inflammation during bone remodeling
C) Disuse atrophy of muscle cells during a prolonged period of immobility
D) Ischemic atrophy resulting from vascular changes while on bedrest
12. A 20-year-old college student has presented to her campus medical clinic for a scheduled
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. The clinician who will interpret the smear will examine cell samples for
evidence of:
A) changes in cell shape, size, and organization.
B) the presence of unexpected cell types.
C) ischemic changes in cell samples.
D) abnormally high numbers of cells in a specified field.
13. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes is most likely to result in metastatic
calcification?
A) Benign prostatic hyperplasia
B) Liver cirrhosis
C) Impaired glycogen metabolism
D) Hyperparathyroidism
14. Despite the low levels of radiation used in contemporary radiologic imaging, a radiology
technician is aware of the need to minimize her exposure to ionizing radiation. What is the primary
rationale for the technicians precautions?
