Psy 1300– Introductory Psychology Exam 4 – Study
Guide
Psy 1300– Introductory Psychology
Exam 4 – Study Guide
Below are a list of concepts and topics that you may be asked questions about on the
exam. Every item listed below is something you should know and be familiar with from
reading the textbook, attending lecture, and working through MindTap. As for the
book, sections that overlap specifically with content in lecture and/or MindTap should
definitely be something you should know. Knowing is more than simply memorizing a
definition…it is being able to explain a concept in your own words and/or identifying
the concept when given examples!
Chapter 11
● Personality
o Relatively stable set of psychological characteristics & behavioral patterns
o Accounts for consistencies in behavior over time
o multiple factors:
▪ learning experiences
▪ biological influences
▪ social and or cultural influences
▪ cognitive processes
▪ developmental changes
● Psychodynamic perspective
o Pros:
▪ most detailed theory of personality developed
▪ terminology still used today
▪ introduce the study of the unconscious mind
o Cons:
▪ lack of support for many concepts
▪ too much emphasis on sex and instincts
▪ difficult to test scientifically
● Psychoanalytic theory
o theory of personality that holds that personality and behavior are
shaped by unconscious forces and conflicts.
o Sigmund Freud
o Four major concepts:
▪ levels of consciousness
● Conscious: the part of the mind corresponding to the state of
present awareness
● Preconscious: the part of the mind whose contents can be
brought into awareness through focused attention
● Unconscious: beyond normal awareness and area holding
troubling thoughts, impulses, memories, ideas
, Psy 1300– Introductory Psychology Exam 4 – Study
Guide
▪ structure of personality
● id: psychic structure existing in the unconscious that contains
our baser animal drives and instinctual impulses
, Psy 1300– Introductory Psychology Exam 4 – Study
Guide
o pleasure principle; demand for instant gratification without
regard to social rules or customs
● ego: psychic structure that attempts to balance the instinctual
demands of the id with social realities and expectations
o reality principle: practical/acceptable satisfaction of basic
needs
● superego: structure that corresponds to an internal moral
guardian or conscience
▪ defense mechanisms: the reality-distorting strategies of the ego
to prevent awareness of anxiety-evoking or troubling ideas or
impulses.
● repression: expulsion from awareness of unacceptable ideas or
motives
● regression: the return of behavior that is typical of earlier
stages of development
● displacement: transfer of unacceptable impulses away from their
original objects onto safer or less threatening objects
● denial: refusal to recognize a threatening impulse or desire
● reaction formation: behaving in a way that is opposite of
one’s true wishes or desires in order to keep these
repressed
● rationalization: use of self-justifications to explain away
unacceptable behavior
▪ stages of psychosexual development
▪ You need to know all 8 of them from Table 11.1 & be able to
identify based on examples given
o Carl Jung
▪ Analytical Psychology: greater emphasis on present (not childhood) and
greater emphasis on conscious processes, such as self awareness and
pursuit of self directed goals
▪ Personal unconscious: unconscious region of mind compromising a
reservoir of the individual’s repressed memories and impulses / our
experiences
▪ Collect Unconscious: part of the mind containing ideas and archetypal
images shared among humankind that have been genetically
transmitted from ancestral humans
● unconscious but influence us across different cultures
● examples: all-powerful God, young hero, fertile and
nurturing mother figure
o Alfred Adler (believed that conscious experience plays a greater
role in our personalities)
▪ Individual Psychology: emphasizes the unique potential of each
individual
▪ Creative Self: part of personality that is aware of itself and
organizes goal- seeking behavior
▪ Inferiority Complex: children harbor feelings of inadequacy to different
degrees and the influence it has on their developing personalities and
Guide
Psy 1300– Introductory Psychology
Exam 4 – Study Guide
Below are a list of concepts and topics that you may be asked questions about on the
exam. Every item listed below is something you should know and be familiar with from
reading the textbook, attending lecture, and working through MindTap. As for the
book, sections that overlap specifically with content in lecture and/or MindTap should
definitely be something you should know. Knowing is more than simply memorizing a
definition…it is being able to explain a concept in your own words and/or identifying
the concept when given examples!
Chapter 11
● Personality
o Relatively stable set of psychological characteristics & behavioral patterns
o Accounts for consistencies in behavior over time
o multiple factors:
▪ learning experiences
▪ biological influences
▪ social and or cultural influences
▪ cognitive processes
▪ developmental changes
● Psychodynamic perspective
o Pros:
▪ most detailed theory of personality developed
▪ terminology still used today
▪ introduce the study of the unconscious mind
o Cons:
▪ lack of support for many concepts
▪ too much emphasis on sex and instincts
▪ difficult to test scientifically
● Psychoanalytic theory
o theory of personality that holds that personality and behavior are
shaped by unconscious forces and conflicts.
o Sigmund Freud
o Four major concepts:
▪ levels of consciousness
● Conscious: the part of the mind corresponding to the state of
present awareness
● Preconscious: the part of the mind whose contents can be
brought into awareness through focused attention
● Unconscious: beyond normal awareness and area holding
troubling thoughts, impulses, memories, ideas
, Psy 1300– Introductory Psychology Exam 4 – Study
Guide
▪ structure of personality
● id: psychic structure existing in the unconscious that contains
our baser animal drives and instinctual impulses
, Psy 1300– Introductory Psychology Exam 4 – Study
Guide
o pleasure principle; demand for instant gratification without
regard to social rules or customs
● ego: psychic structure that attempts to balance the instinctual
demands of the id with social realities and expectations
o reality principle: practical/acceptable satisfaction of basic
needs
● superego: structure that corresponds to an internal moral
guardian or conscience
▪ defense mechanisms: the reality-distorting strategies of the ego
to prevent awareness of anxiety-evoking or troubling ideas or
impulses.
● repression: expulsion from awareness of unacceptable ideas or
motives
● regression: the return of behavior that is typical of earlier
stages of development
● displacement: transfer of unacceptable impulses away from their
original objects onto safer or less threatening objects
● denial: refusal to recognize a threatening impulse or desire
● reaction formation: behaving in a way that is opposite of
one’s true wishes or desires in order to keep these
repressed
● rationalization: use of self-justifications to explain away
unacceptable behavior
▪ stages of psychosexual development
▪ You need to know all 8 of them from Table 11.1 & be able to
identify based on examples given
o Carl Jung
▪ Analytical Psychology: greater emphasis on present (not childhood) and
greater emphasis on conscious processes, such as self awareness and
pursuit of self directed goals
▪ Personal unconscious: unconscious region of mind compromising a
reservoir of the individual’s repressed memories and impulses / our
experiences
▪ Collect Unconscious: part of the mind containing ideas and archetypal
images shared among humankind that have been genetically
transmitted from ancestral humans
● unconscious but influence us across different cultures
● examples: all-powerful God, young hero, fertile and
nurturing mother figure
o Alfred Adler (believed that conscious experience plays a greater
role in our personalities)
▪ Individual Psychology: emphasizes the unique potential of each
individual
▪ Creative Self: part of personality that is aware of itself and
organizes goal- seeking behavior
▪ Inferiority Complex: children harbor feelings of inadequacy to different
degrees and the influence it has on their developing personalities and
