NR507 Week 5 Quiz (2 Versions, Latest-2022)/ NR 507 Week 5 Quiz: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct Answers, Already Graded “A”|

NR507 Week 5 Quiz (2 Versions, Latest-2022)/ NR 507 Week 5 Quiz: Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing |100% Correct Answers, Already Graded “A”| NR507 Week 5 Quiz (Latest, 2 Versions): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 507 Week 5 (Latest, 2 Versions): Advanced Pathophysiology: Chamberlain College of Nursing Question 1 Target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH) are located in the • thyroid gland. • smooth and skeletal muscles. • glomeruli of nephrons. • tubules of nephrons. Question 2 A surgical individual just arrived on the unit from the postanesthesia care unit. This person’s respirations are 4 per minute and shallow. As the nurse calls for assistance, the person suddenly feels jittery and breathing quickens. Which of the following feedback loops is operating for the nurse in this situation? • The central nervous system stimulates the hypothalamus to synthesize oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are secreted by the posterior pituitary, activating uterine contraction and renal absorption of water. • The central nervous system directly stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine and stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor, which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH), stimulating the release of cortisol. • The central nervous system directly stimulates the release of insulin, which reduces blood glucose levels. • The central nervous system stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor, which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and stimulates the release of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Question 3 Hormones are effective communicators because they • are regularly synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities. • increase their secretion in response to rising hormone levels. • are rapidly degraded once they enter the cell. • decrease their secretion in response to rising plasma hormone levels. Question 4 When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of a _____ effect by a hormone. • direct • pharmacologic • synergistic • permissive Question 5 What effect does aldosterone have on fluid and electrolyte imbalances? • It directly increases calcium reabsorption. • It directly increases sodium reabsorption. • It directly increases magnesium reabsorption. • It directly increases water reabsorption. Question 6 Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels? • Triiodothyronine (T3) • Thyroxine (T4) • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Question 7 Which of the following hormones acts on its target cell via a second messenger? • Testosterone • Thyroxine • Estrogen • Angiotensin II Question 8 What hormone or electrolyte imbalance slows down the rate of secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? • Increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) • Decreased serum magnesium levels • Decreased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) • Increased serum calcium levels Question 9 A person who has experienced physiologic stresses will have increased levels of which hormone? • Somatostatin • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) • Alpha endorphin • Thyroid hormones Question 10 Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located • on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. • on the inner surface of the plasma membrane. • inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm. • inside the mitochondria. Question 11 What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)? • Anterior pituitary • Hypothalamus • Mammary glands • Posterior pituitary Question 12 Where is oxytocin synthesized? • Posterior pituitary • Paraventricular nuclei • Anterior pituitary • Hypothalamus Question 13 The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in Graves disease is usually • high. • low. • normal. • in constant flux. Question 14 A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. These clinical manifestations are indicative of which endocrine disorder? • Diabetes insipidus (DI) • Cushing disease • Hypoaldosteronism • Hyperthyroidism Question 15 The effects of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) include solute • dilution and water loss. • dilution and water retention. • retention and water retention. • retention and water loss. Question 16 0 2 pts Polyuria occurs with diabetes mellitus because of • chronic insulin resistance. • the formation of ketones. • an increase in antidiuretic hormone. • an elevation in serum glucose. Question 17 Which of the following clinical manifestations is not common to both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS)? • Increased serum glucose • Glycosuria • Fluid loss • Kussmaul respirations Question 18 Diagnosing a thyroid carcinoma is best done with • fine-needle aspiration biopsy. • measurement of serum thyroid levels. • ultrasonography. • radioisotope scanning. Question 19 A man with a closed head injury has a urine output of 6 to 8 Lday. Electrolytes are within normal limits, but his antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level is low. Although he has had no intake for 4 hours, there is no change in his polyuria. These are indications of • neurogenic diabetes insipidus. • psychogenic polydipsia. • osmotically induced diuresis. • syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Question 20 Hyperpituitarism is generally caused by • hypothalamic hyposecretion. • a neurohypophysial tumor. • a pituitary adenoma. • autoimmune disorder of the pituitary. Question 21 The signs of thyroid crisis resulting from Graves disease include • constipation and lethargy. • bradycardia and bradypnea. • constipation with gastric distention. • hyperthermia and tachycardia. Question 22 Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of the growth hormone (GH) in adults? • Cushing syndrome • Myxedema • Acromegaly • Giantism Question 23 The cause of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is related to an organic lesion of the • anterior pituitary. • renal tubules. • thalamus. • posterior pituitary. Question 24 The most probable cause of low serum calcium following a thyroidectomy is • hypothyroidism caused by lack of thyroid replacement. • hypoparathyroidism caused by surgical injury. • hyperparathyroidism secondary to Graves disease. • myxedema secondary to surgery. Question 25 What causes the microvascular complications of clients with diabetes mellitus? • The capillaries contain plaques of lipids that obstruct blood flow. • Fibrous plaques form from the proliferation of subendothelial smooth muscle of arteries. • The capillary basement membranes thicken and there is endothelial cell hyperplasia. • There is increased pressure within capillaries as a result of the elevated glucose attracting water NR507 Week 5 Quiz (Set 2) 1 Lipid-soluble hormone receptors are located inside the plasma membrane in the cytoplasm. on the outer surface of the plasma membrane. inside the mitochondria. on the inner surface of the plasma membrane. Question 2. Where is oxytocin synthesized? Hypothalamus Paraventricular nuclei Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary Question 3. A surgical individual just arrived on the unit from the postanesthesia care unit. This person’s respirations are 4 per minute and shallow. As the nurse calls for assistance, the person suddenly feels jittery and breathing quickens. Which of the following feedback loops is operating for the nurse in this situation? The central nervous system stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor, which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and stimulates the release of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The central nervous system directly stimulates the release of insulin, which reduces blood glucose levels. The central nervous system directly stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete epinephrine and stimulates hypothalamus-releasing factor, which acts on the anterior pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic-stimulating hormone (ACTH), stimulating the release of cortisol. The central nervous system stimulates the hypothalamus to synthesize oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are secreted by the posterior pituitary, activating uterine contraction and renal absorption of water. Question 4. What effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytes? It increases serum calcium. It decreases serum calcium. It decreases serum magnesium. It increases serum magnesium. Question 5. What is the target tissue for prolactin-releasing factor (PRF)? Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary Mammary glands Posterior pituitary Question 6. A person who has experienced physiologic stresses will have increased levels of which hormone? Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Thyroid hormones Somatostatin Alpha endorphin Question 7. Which hormone is involved in the regulation of serum calcium levels? Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Thyroxine (T4) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Triiodothyronine (T3) Question 8. Target cells for parathyroid hormone (PTH) are located in the tubules of nephrons. thyroid gland. glomeruli of nephrons. smooth and skeletal muscles. Question 9. The portion of the pituitary that secretes oxytocin is the _____ pituitary. posterior inferior anterior superior Question 10. Which mineral is needed for the synthesis of thyroid hormones? Iron Zinc Iodide Copper Question 11. When insulin binds its receptors on muscle cells, an increase in glucose uptake by the muscle cells is the result. This is an example of a _____ effect by a hormone. pharmacologic permissive synergistic direct Question 12. Which of the following hormones acts on its target cell via a second messenger? Angiotensin II Thyroxine Estrogen Testosterone Question 13. The first lab test that indicates type 1 diabetes is causing the development of diabetic nephropathy is dipstick test for urine ketones. increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). protein on urinalysis. cloudy urine on the urinalysis. Question 14. The cause of neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI) is related to an organic lesion of the anterior pituitary. thalamus. posterior pituitary. renal tubules. Question 15. Which disorder is caused by hypersecretion of the growth hormone (GH) in adults? Cushing syndrome Acromegaly Giantism Myxedema Question 16. What causes the microvascular complications of clients with diabetes mellitus? The capillaries contain plaques of lipids that obstruct blood flow. There is increased pressure within capillaries as a result of the elevated glucose attracting water. The capillary basement membranes thicken and there is endothelial cell hyperplasia. Fibrous plaques form from the proliferation of subendothelial smooth muscle of arteries. Question 17. Which of the following laboratory values would the nurse expect to find if a person is experiencing syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)? Hypernatremia and urine hypo-osmolality Serum K+ 5 and urine hyperosmolality Serum Na+ 120 and serum hypo-osmolality Hypokalemia and serum hyperosmolality Question 18. Which of the following laboratory values is consistently low in a client with diabetes insipidus (DI)? Urine specific gravity Serum sodium Urine protein Serum total protein Question 19. The effects of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) include solute retention and water retention. retention and water loss. dilution and water retention. dilution and water loss. Question 20. The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in Graves disease is usually high. low. normal. in constant flux. Question 21. Polyuria occurs with diabetes mellitus because of the formation of ketones. chronic insulin resistance. an elevation in serum glucose. an increase in antidiuretic hormone. Question 22. The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is pituitary hyposecretion. parathyroid adenoma. parathyroid gland damage. autoimmune parathyroid disease. Question 23. Which of the following clinical manifestations is not common to both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS)? Fluid loss Glycosuria Increased serum glucose Kussmaul respirations Question 24. A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. These clinical manifestations are indicative of which endocrine disorder? Hyperthyroidism Hypoaldosteronism Diabetes insipidus (DI) Cushing disease Question 25. Amenorrhea, galactorrhea, hirsutism, and osteopenia are each caused by a posterior pituitary adenoma. thymoma. prolactinoma. growth hormone adenoma.