NUR 2038 Final EXAM 2022(scored A)
1. Abnormal electrical activity in the brain that typically manifest with involuntary movement - seizures
2. Where do seizures stem from? - cortical neuronal network
3. Do all seizures have involuntary movement? - no (pediatric patients may stare off or have a tongue thrust)
4. What are the two categories of seizures? - generalized and focal
5. seizure that originates from one hemisphere of the brain and is seen on one side of the body - focal seizure
6. Seizure that originates from both hemispheres of the brain and is seen bilaterally - generalized seizure
7. What occurs during a seizure internally? - metabolic rate, glucose, and oxygen use increase
8. Seizure caused by an unknown stimulus? - idiopathic seizure
9. Seizure caused by underlying disease such as trauma, infection, hypoglycemia, tumors - acquired seizure
10.Seizure resulting from a rapid increase OR decrease in body temperature - febrile seizure
11.Febrile seizures are most common in who? - babies and pediatrics (3-5 years old)
12.Seizure caused by a sudden cessation of activity in the brain - Absence seizure
13.How would a patient present with a absence seizure? - blank stare, no movement, no one is home
,14.Absence seizures can occur hundreds to thousands times a day. This can affect what? - brain development
15.Seizure characterized by rigidity followed by alternating muscle contraction and relaxation - tonic-clonic
seizure
16.What should you expect with a tonic-clonic seizure? - loud moan or cry
17.What does the tonic part of the seizure look like? - pulling arms in and tensing up
18.What does the clonic part of a tonic-clonic seizure look like? - involuntary movement of the extremity
19.Seizure or cluster of seizures where the patient does not regain consciousness and lasts more than 5 minutes -
status epilepticus
20.Recurrent seizures induced by underlying CNS disorder such as autism or developmental delays - Epilepsy
21.What are the risk factors for seizures? - age, SGA, brain tumors, infection, ischemic stroke, drugs,
withdrawal, family history
22.What are the prevention measures for seizures? - Avoid triggers, medication compliance, and lifestyle
choices
23.What are some possible tiggers for seizures? - stress, fatigue, hypoglycemia, hyperventilation, menstrual
cycle (hormone flux)
24.What are the clinical manifestations of an active seizure? - Decreased LOC, jerking, twitching, Staring,
pallor, cyanosis, hypo/hypertension
25.What usually occurs before a seizure begins? - staring
, 26.What is the postictal period? - period after a seizure
27.What are the clinical manifestations of the postictal period of a seizure? - confusion, headache, fatigue,
muscle aches, amnesia
28.What lab tests do you want to run for when a patient has a seizure? - CBC, chemistry panel, lumbar
puncture, EEG, CT/MRI, serum drug levels, toxicology
29.Medication that patients take daily to prevent seizures from occurring - anticonvulsant
30.What are the types of anticonvulsants? - keppra, phenobarbital, dilantin
31.Medication administered to interrupt and stop an active seizure - Anxiolytic
32.What are examples of anxiolytic drugs? - Ativan, xanax, clonopin, valium
33.How do anticonvulsant drugs work? - They act by increasing the threshold of neuron firing
34.Is medication usually prescribed for febrile seizures? - no
35.What is the preferred treatment for febrile seizures? - monotherapy (decrease fever or whatever lead to
seizure)
36.How long does the postictal period last? - 30 minutes to 2 hours
37.Pediatric clients with seizures should develop what? - seizure action plan
38.How should you discontinue anticonvulsant therapy? - slowly
1. Abnormal electrical activity in the brain that typically manifest with involuntary movement - seizures
2. Where do seizures stem from? - cortical neuronal network
3. Do all seizures have involuntary movement? - no (pediatric patients may stare off or have a tongue thrust)
4. What are the two categories of seizures? - generalized and focal
5. seizure that originates from one hemisphere of the brain and is seen on one side of the body - focal seizure
6. Seizure that originates from both hemispheres of the brain and is seen bilaterally - generalized seizure
7. What occurs during a seizure internally? - metabolic rate, glucose, and oxygen use increase
8. Seizure caused by an unknown stimulus? - idiopathic seizure
9. Seizure caused by underlying disease such as trauma, infection, hypoglycemia, tumors - acquired seizure
10.Seizure resulting from a rapid increase OR decrease in body temperature - febrile seizure
11.Febrile seizures are most common in who? - babies and pediatrics (3-5 years old)
12.Seizure caused by a sudden cessation of activity in the brain - Absence seizure
13.How would a patient present with a absence seizure? - blank stare, no movement, no one is home
,14.Absence seizures can occur hundreds to thousands times a day. This can affect what? - brain development
15.Seizure characterized by rigidity followed by alternating muscle contraction and relaxation - tonic-clonic
seizure
16.What should you expect with a tonic-clonic seizure? - loud moan or cry
17.What does the tonic part of the seizure look like? - pulling arms in and tensing up
18.What does the clonic part of a tonic-clonic seizure look like? - involuntary movement of the extremity
19.Seizure or cluster of seizures where the patient does not regain consciousness and lasts more than 5 minutes -
status epilepticus
20.Recurrent seizures induced by underlying CNS disorder such as autism or developmental delays - Epilepsy
21.What are the risk factors for seizures? - age, SGA, brain tumors, infection, ischemic stroke, drugs,
withdrawal, family history
22.What are the prevention measures for seizures? - Avoid triggers, medication compliance, and lifestyle
choices
23.What are some possible tiggers for seizures? - stress, fatigue, hypoglycemia, hyperventilation, menstrual
cycle (hormone flux)
24.What are the clinical manifestations of an active seizure? - Decreased LOC, jerking, twitching, Staring,
pallor, cyanosis, hypo/hypertension
25.What usually occurs before a seizure begins? - staring
, 26.What is the postictal period? - period after a seizure
27.What are the clinical manifestations of the postictal period of a seizure? - confusion, headache, fatigue,
muscle aches, amnesia
28.What lab tests do you want to run for when a patient has a seizure? - CBC, chemistry panel, lumbar
puncture, EEG, CT/MRI, serum drug levels, toxicology
29.Medication that patients take daily to prevent seizures from occurring - anticonvulsant
30.What are the types of anticonvulsants? - keppra, phenobarbital, dilantin
31.Medication administered to interrupt and stop an active seizure - Anxiolytic
32.What are examples of anxiolytic drugs? - Ativan, xanax, clonopin, valium
33.How do anticonvulsant drugs work? - They act by increasing the threshold of neuron firing
34.Is medication usually prescribed for febrile seizures? - no
35.What is the preferred treatment for febrile seizures? - monotherapy (decrease fever or whatever lead to
seizure)
36.How long does the postictal period last? - 30 minutes to 2 hours
37.Pediatric clients with seizures should develop what? - seizure action plan
38.How should you discontinue anticonvulsant therapy? - slowly
