Chapter 2: Synapses flashcards
Charles S. Sherrington was the first to infer the properties of ____.
a. synapses
b. the refractory period
c. the sodium-potassium pump
d. dendrites and axons a: synapses
2.1
Sherrington studied ____, which are automatic muscular responses to stimuli.
a. instincts
b. reflexes
c. inhibitions
d. aversions b: reflexes
2.1
Specialized junctions between neurons are called ____.
a. nodes of Ranvier
b. spines
c. dendrites
d. synapses d: synapses
2.1
On the basis of what evidence were the properties of synapses first inferred?
a. the electron microscope
b. single-neuron recordings
c. behavioral observations
d. PET scans c: behavioral observations
2.1
The circuit from sensory neuron to muscle response is called ____.
,a. a reflex arc
b. a synapse
c. flexion
d. extension a: reflex arc
2.1
What is the proper ordering of a reflex arc?
a. motor neuron, sensory neuron, interneuron.
b. sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron.
c. motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron.
d. sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron.
SIM d: sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron
2.1
Why is the speed of conduction through a reflex arc slower than the speed of conduction of an
action potential along an axon?
a. Transmission between neurons at synapses is slower than along axons.
b. The longer an axon, the slower its velocity.
c. Interneurons have thicker axons than other neurons.
d. There are greater amounts of myelin involved in the reflex arc. a: transmission between
neurons at synapses is slower than along axons
2.1
Sherrington deduced that transmission at a synapse must be slower than conduction along an axon.
This was based on what kind of evidence?
a. temporal summation
b. drugs that increase or inhibit activity at synapses
c. the speed of reflexive responses
d. differences in diameter between axons and dendrites c: the speed of reflexive responses
2.1
, A certain weak stimulus produces no reflexive response, but a rapid repetition of that stimulus may
produce such a response. What is this phenomenon called?
a. spatial summation
b. temporal summation
c. saltatory conduction
d. synaptic combination b: temporal summation
2.1
Sherrington found that repeated stimuli within a brief time have a cumulative effect. He referred to
this phenomenon as ____.
a. temporal summation
b. spatial summation
c. synaptic summation
d. saltatory summation a: temporal summation
2.1
Temporal summation most likely occurs with ____.
a. infrequent, subthreshold excitation
b. rapid succession of stimuli that each exceed threshold
c. infrequent, inhibitory stimuli
d. rapid succession of subthreshold excitation d: rapid succession of subthreshold excitation
2.1
Charles Sherrington would most likely agree with which statement about reflexes?
a. The overall speed of conduction through a reflex arc is faster than conduction along an axon.
b. Repeated stimuli occurring within a brief time can have a cumulative effect.
c. Each neuron physically merges with the next one during a reflexive response.
d. Excitatory synapses are more important than inhibitory synapses. b: repeated stimuli
occurring within a brief time can have a cumulative effect
2.1
To measure temporal summation in single cells, researchers ____.
Charles S. Sherrington was the first to infer the properties of ____.
a. synapses
b. the refractory period
c. the sodium-potassium pump
d. dendrites and axons a: synapses
2.1
Sherrington studied ____, which are automatic muscular responses to stimuli.
a. instincts
b. reflexes
c. inhibitions
d. aversions b: reflexes
2.1
Specialized junctions between neurons are called ____.
a. nodes of Ranvier
b. spines
c. dendrites
d. synapses d: synapses
2.1
On the basis of what evidence were the properties of synapses first inferred?
a. the electron microscope
b. single-neuron recordings
c. behavioral observations
d. PET scans c: behavioral observations
2.1
The circuit from sensory neuron to muscle response is called ____.
,a. a reflex arc
b. a synapse
c. flexion
d. extension a: reflex arc
2.1
What is the proper ordering of a reflex arc?
a. motor neuron, sensory neuron, interneuron.
b. sensory neuron, motor neuron, interneuron.
c. motor neuron, interneuron, sensory neuron.
d. sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron.
SIM d: sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron
2.1
Why is the speed of conduction through a reflex arc slower than the speed of conduction of an
action potential along an axon?
a. Transmission between neurons at synapses is slower than along axons.
b. The longer an axon, the slower its velocity.
c. Interneurons have thicker axons than other neurons.
d. There are greater amounts of myelin involved in the reflex arc. a: transmission between
neurons at synapses is slower than along axons
2.1
Sherrington deduced that transmission at a synapse must be slower than conduction along an axon.
This was based on what kind of evidence?
a. temporal summation
b. drugs that increase or inhibit activity at synapses
c. the speed of reflexive responses
d. differences in diameter between axons and dendrites c: the speed of reflexive responses
2.1
, A certain weak stimulus produces no reflexive response, but a rapid repetition of that stimulus may
produce such a response. What is this phenomenon called?
a. spatial summation
b. temporal summation
c. saltatory conduction
d. synaptic combination b: temporal summation
2.1
Sherrington found that repeated stimuli within a brief time have a cumulative effect. He referred to
this phenomenon as ____.
a. temporal summation
b. spatial summation
c. synaptic summation
d. saltatory summation a: temporal summation
2.1
Temporal summation most likely occurs with ____.
a. infrequent, subthreshold excitation
b. rapid succession of stimuli that each exceed threshold
c. infrequent, inhibitory stimuli
d. rapid succession of subthreshold excitation d: rapid succession of subthreshold excitation
2.1
Charles Sherrington would most likely agree with which statement about reflexes?
a. The overall speed of conduction through a reflex arc is faster than conduction along an axon.
b. Repeated stimuli occurring within a brief time can have a cumulative effect.
c. Each neuron physically merges with the next one during a reflexive response.
d. Excitatory synapses are more important than inhibitory synapses. b: repeated stimuli
occurring within a brief time can have a cumulative effect
2.1
To measure temporal summation in single cells, researchers ____.
