NR 222 Health and Wellness
Study Guide Final 2021
,Models of Health:
Clinical:
• Defined by the absence of illness, signs, and symptoms of disease.
• May not seek preventative care or services.
• People who use this model may not seek preventive health services or they may
wait until they are very ill to seek care.
• You go to the hospital if you need immediate help (such as a broken something
not a cold you caught).
Role Performance945, with performance based on societal expectations.
Illness would be the failure to perform roles at
the
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evel of others in society.
o EX: If you are sick, you get medicine to help you get back up and running
Adaptive:
• The ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change
• Illness occurs when the person is unable to adapt o Go through a traumatic
injury and then you get help with adapting to a new injury (takes a slow process).
Eudemonistic:
• Emphasizes the interactions between physical, social, psychological, and spiritual
aspects of life
• Goal attainment and meaning
• May seek out alternative therapies, council of priest, rabbi, or minister
• Strive for equilibrium o A person dying of cancer may still be healthy if that
person is finding meaning in life at this stage of development.
Reasons why the Eudemonistic model is a better, more cost effective model to use today?
• This was adopted by the healthcare system because it pays the hospitals, doctors, etc
more money because people only come when they are in dire need of medical care thus
needing more tests, medicine, procedures done to them and since every little thing
costs money the hospital or facility gets paid either from the patient or insurance
company. It is more expensive for the patient. Also it was adopted because people think
they are healthy or they do not have enough money to go to the doctor for every little
thing that happens to them.
Why the Affordable Care Act can move America towards a Eudemonistic model?
• This model is better because you are focusing on your health as a whole and emphasizes
the interactions within social, spiritual, physical, and psychological aspects of life. You
seek out alternative therapies such as ministers, rabbis, etc. It is a more holistic
approach to medicine and therefore costs less since you are using different types of
holistic treatments instead of the big medications from the big pharmaceutical
companies. They don't let their illness slow them down.
,Healthy People 2020:
What are the Overarching goals?
1. Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
4. Promote quality of life, health development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages
What is the differences from Healthy People 2010?
Healthy people 2010 had only two goals. Healthy 2010 is very vague. In Healthy People
2010, it was to eliminate, not just reduce, health disparities. In Healthy People 2020, that
goal was expanded even further: to achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and
improve the health of all groups.
Define these terms and give two examples of each:
Primary Prevention
• Health promotion Specific Protection
• Catch it before it starts and make people aware of it.
o Examples: Periodic examinations, massive immunizations, nutritional awareness
and practice, exercise, safety precautions at workplace.
Secondary Prevention:
• Early Diagnosis, Prompt Treatment, and Disability limitation
• Screenings (MRI, BP measurement, Dental Examinations, mammographs,
diagnostic tests, HIV testing) Tertiary Prevention:
• Restoration= highest level of functioning possible despite the limitation caused
by injury.
• Rehabilitation o Rehabilitative care, hospice, outreach programs, palliative care
• Goal: prevent further disabilities or deduced functioning when possible
Define these terms and give an example related to nursing for each:
Fidelity
• Agreement to keep a promise
• Nurses need to follow through actions and interventions
• Unwilling to abandon patients regardless of circumstanceso Even though you
promised and cannot make it send someone else to do it
Non-maleficence
• Avoiding of harm
• Healthcare professionals try to balance risks and benefits of care while striving
at the same time to do the least harm o Ex: stopping a medication that would not
benefit the patient
, Autonomy
• The right of independence- making decisions for themselves
• Right to say no
• Include patients in decisions
• Providers need to inform patients about risks and benefits of treatment plans
• Ensure that patient understands and agree to treatment
• Always take the time to explain to patient what you are doing o Ex: Letting the
patient go home even though it is against orders.
Justice
• Fairness
• Often used in discussing about healthcare resources, including distribution of
scarce resources o Examples: health insurance, hospital locations and services
be fair with all of the patients, have no favorites
Veracity
• Devotion to the truth
• People whose health is in question are to various degrees reliant on the person
who possesses the knowledge and skills to bring these to bear on their behalf.
o Ex: Always being straight up with the patient and telling the truth. Beneficence
• Best interest for the patient and NOT self interest
• Positive actions for others
Understand the difference between these three types of insurance and how people gain access
to these health insurances in the Private Sector:
HMO
• Deliver comprehensive health maintenance and treatment services to a group of
enrolled individuals who prepay a fixed fee.
• The employer pays a monthly or annual rate directly to the HMO.
• The individual may also have out-of-pocket expenses such as copayments.
• Go to primary doctor and get a referral for a specialty doctor
• Can’t go to doctors outside HMO physicians
PPO
• Contracted providers provide services for discounted price Additional costs if a
provider outside the PPO is used.
• To control costs, the provider must receive preauthorization from the PPO for a
member to be hospitalized or for some procedures or tests, and second
opinions are usually required before major procedures or surgical operations are
performed.
POS
• POS plans allow members, for an additional fee and higher copayment, to use
providers outside the individual HMO network.
IPA
Study Guide Final 2021
,Models of Health:
Clinical:
• Defined by the absence of illness, signs, and symptoms of disease.
• May not seek preventative care or services.
• People who use this model may not seek preventive health services or they may
wait until they are very ill to seek care.
• You go to the hospital if you need immediate help (such as a broken something
not a cold you caught).
Role Performance945, with performance based on societal expectations.
Illness would be the failure to perform roles at
the
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////l
evel of others in society.
o EX: If you are sick, you get medicine to help you get back up and running
Adaptive:
• The ability to adjust positively to social, mental, and physiological change
• Illness occurs when the person is unable to adapt o Go through a traumatic
injury and then you get help with adapting to a new injury (takes a slow process).
Eudemonistic:
• Emphasizes the interactions between physical, social, psychological, and spiritual
aspects of life
• Goal attainment and meaning
• May seek out alternative therapies, council of priest, rabbi, or minister
• Strive for equilibrium o A person dying of cancer may still be healthy if that
person is finding meaning in life at this stage of development.
Reasons why the Eudemonistic model is a better, more cost effective model to use today?
• This was adopted by the healthcare system because it pays the hospitals, doctors, etc
more money because people only come when they are in dire need of medical care thus
needing more tests, medicine, procedures done to them and since every little thing
costs money the hospital or facility gets paid either from the patient or insurance
company. It is more expensive for the patient. Also it was adopted because people think
they are healthy or they do not have enough money to go to the doctor for every little
thing that happens to them.
Why the Affordable Care Act can move America towards a Eudemonistic model?
• This model is better because you are focusing on your health as a whole and emphasizes
the interactions within social, spiritual, physical, and psychological aspects of life. You
seek out alternative therapies such as ministers, rabbis, etc. It is a more holistic
approach to medicine and therefore costs less since you are using different types of
holistic treatments instead of the big medications from the big pharmaceutical
companies. They don't let their illness slow them down.
,Healthy People 2020:
What are the Overarching goals?
1. Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
2. Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups.
3. Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all.
4. Promote quality of life, health development, and healthy behaviors across all life
stages
What is the differences from Healthy People 2010?
Healthy people 2010 had only two goals. Healthy 2010 is very vague. In Healthy People
2010, it was to eliminate, not just reduce, health disparities. In Healthy People 2020, that
goal was expanded even further: to achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and
improve the health of all groups.
Define these terms and give two examples of each:
Primary Prevention
• Health promotion Specific Protection
• Catch it before it starts and make people aware of it.
o Examples: Periodic examinations, massive immunizations, nutritional awareness
and practice, exercise, safety precautions at workplace.
Secondary Prevention:
• Early Diagnosis, Prompt Treatment, and Disability limitation
• Screenings (MRI, BP measurement, Dental Examinations, mammographs,
diagnostic tests, HIV testing) Tertiary Prevention:
• Restoration= highest level of functioning possible despite the limitation caused
by injury.
• Rehabilitation o Rehabilitative care, hospice, outreach programs, palliative care
• Goal: prevent further disabilities or deduced functioning when possible
Define these terms and give an example related to nursing for each:
Fidelity
• Agreement to keep a promise
• Nurses need to follow through actions and interventions
• Unwilling to abandon patients regardless of circumstanceso Even though you
promised and cannot make it send someone else to do it
Non-maleficence
• Avoiding of harm
• Healthcare professionals try to balance risks and benefits of care while striving
at the same time to do the least harm o Ex: stopping a medication that would not
benefit the patient
, Autonomy
• The right of independence- making decisions for themselves
• Right to say no
• Include patients in decisions
• Providers need to inform patients about risks and benefits of treatment plans
• Ensure that patient understands and agree to treatment
• Always take the time to explain to patient what you are doing o Ex: Letting the
patient go home even though it is against orders.
Justice
• Fairness
• Often used in discussing about healthcare resources, including distribution of
scarce resources o Examples: health insurance, hospital locations and services
be fair with all of the patients, have no favorites
Veracity
• Devotion to the truth
• People whose health is in question are to various degrees reliant on the person
who possesses the knowledge and skills to bring these to bear on their behalf.
o Ex: Always being straight up with the patient and telling the truth. Beneficence
• Best interest for the patient and NOT self interest
• Positive actions for others
Understand the difference between these three types of insurance and how people gain access
to these health insurances in the Private Sector:
HMO
• Deliver comprehensive health maintenance and treatment services to a group of
enrolled individuals who prepay a fixed fee.
• The employer pays a monthly or annual rate directly to the HMO.
• The individual may also have out-of-pocket expenses such as copayments.
• Go to primary doctor and get a referral for a specialty doctor
• Can’t go to doctors outside HMO physicians
PPO
• Contracted providers provide services for discounted price Additional costs if a
provider outside the PPO is used.
• To control costs, the provider must receive preauthorization from the PPO for a
member to be hospitalized or for some procedures or tests, and second
opinions are usually required before major procedures or surgical operations are
performed.
POS
• POS plans allow members, for an additional fee and higher copayment, to use
providers outside the individual HMO network.
IPA
