Benner-Handouts.
CARING, CLINICAL WISDOM, AND ETHICS IN NURSING PRACTICE
BY PATRICIA BENNER
CREDENTIALS AND BACKGROUND OF THE PHILOSOPHER
Born in Hampton, Virginia
Grew up in California
Degrees:
Baccalaureate ~ Pasadena College- 1964
Masters in Nursing ~ University of California- 1970
PhD~ University of California- 1982
Published From Novice to Expert- 1984
Became a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing- 1985
Dr. Benner is the author of books including:
1. From Novice to Expert
2. The Primacy of Caring
3. Interpretive Phenomenology: Embodiment, Caring and Ethics in Health and
Illness
4. The Crisis of Care
5. Expertise in Nursing Practice: Caring, Clinical Judgment, and Ethics
6. Caregiving
7. Clinical Wisdom and Interventions in Critical Care: A Thinking-In-Action
Approach.
• An internationally noted researcher and lecturer on health, stress and
coping, skill acquisition and ethics.
• Recently elected an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Nursing.
• Staff nurse in the areas of medical-surgical, emergency room, coronary
care, intensive care units and home care.
• Currently, her research includes the study of nursing practice in intensive
care units and nursing ethics.
PHILOSOPHICAL SOURCES
Benner acknowledges that her thinking in nursing has been influenced
greatly by Virginia Henderson.
She studies clinical nursing practice in an attempt to discover and describe
the knowledge embedded in nursing practice. She maintains that knowledge
accrues over time in a practice discipline and is developed through
experiential learning and situated thinking and reflection on practice in
particular practice situations.
She refers to this work as articulation research, defined as:
“Describing, illustrating, and giving language to taken-for-granted areas of practical
wisdom, skilled know-how, and notions of good practice” (Benner, Hooper-Kyriakidis, &
Prepared by: Ma. Aileen Bernas, TFN
R.N.
, Benner-Handouts.
Benner work influence philosophically and ethically by:
✓ Stuert Dreyfus and Hubert Dreyfus (1980). Dreyfus model
✓ Richard (1985) mentored benner in the field of caring &stress
✓ Judith wrubel (1989) ( participant & co-author with benner)
✓ Joseph dunne (1993 )
✓ Kund logestrub (1995, 1997)
✓ Onora (1996)
Benner in 1984 adapted the Dreyfus model to clinical nursing practice.
Stuart Dreyfus and Hubert Dreyfus developed the skill acquisition model by
studying the performance of chess master and pilots in emergency situations.
The model is situational, developmental, and describe five level of skills
acquisitions. Each level build up on the previous level.
MAJOR CONCEPTS
NOVICE
❖ The person has no background experience of the situation in which he
or she is involved.
❖ There is difficulty discerning between relevant and irrelevant aspects of
the situation.
❖ Beginner to profession or nurse changing area of practice (Frisch,
2009)
❖ Generally this level applies to nursing students.
These inexperienced nurses function at the level of instruction from nursing
school. They are unable to make the leap from the classroom lecture to
individual patients. Often, they apply rules learned in nursing school to all
patients and are unable to discern individual patient needs. These nurses
are usually new graduates, or those nurses who return to the workplace after
a long absence and are re-educated in refresher programs.
Prepared by: Ma. Aileen Bernas, TFN
R.N.
CARING, CLINICAL WISDOM, AND ETHICS IN NURSING PRACTICE
BY PATRICIA BENNER
CREDENTIALS AND BACKGROUND OF THE PHILOSOPHER
Born in Hampton, Virginia
Grew up in California
Degrees:
Baccalaureate ~ Pasadena College- 1964
Masters in Nursing ~ University of California- 1970
PhD~ University of California- 1982
Published From Novice to Expert- 1984
Became a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing- 1985
Dr. Benner is the author of books including:
1. From Novice to Expert
2. The Primacy of Caring
3. Interpretive Phenomenology: Embodiment, Caring and Ethics in Health and
Illness
4. The Crisis of Care
5. Expertise in Nursing Practice: Caring, Clinical Judgment, and Ethics
6. Caregiving
7. Clinical Wisdom and Interventions in Critical Care: A Thinking-In-Action
Approach.
• An internationally noted researcher and lecturer on health, stress and
coping, skill acquisition and ethics.
• Recently elected an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Nursing.
• Staff nurse in the areas of medical-surgical, emergency room, coronary
care, intensive care units and home care.
• Currently, her research includes the study of nursing practice in intensive
care units and nursing ethics.
PHILOSOPHICAL SOURCES
Benner acknowledges that her thinking in nursing has been influenced
greatly by Virginia Henderson.
She studies clinical nursing practice in an attempt to discover and describe
the knowledge embedded in nursing practice. She maintains that knowledge
accrues over time in a practice discipline and is developed through
experiential learning and situated thinking and reflection on practice in
particular practice situations.
She refers to this work as articulation research, defined as:
“Describing, illustrating, and giving language to taken-for-granted areas of practical
wisdom, skilled know-how, and notions of good practice” (Benner, Hooper-Kyriakidis, &
Prepared by: Ma. Aileen Bernas, TFN
R.N.
, Benner-Handouts.
Benner work influence philosophically and ethically by:
✓ Stuert Dreyfus and Hubert Dreyfus (1980). Dreyfus model
✓ Richard (1985) mentored benner in the field of caring &stress
✓ Judith wrubel (1989) ( participant & co-author with benner)
✓ Joseph dunne (1993 )
✓ Kund logestrub (1995, 1997)
✓ Onora (1996)
Benner in 1984 adapted the Dreyfus model to clinical nursing practice.
Stuart Dreyfus and Hubert Dreyfus developed the skill acquisition model by
studying the performance of chess master and pilots in emergency situations.
The model is situational, developmental, and describe five level of skills
acquisitions. Each level build up on the previous level.
MAJOR CONCEPTS
NOVICE
❖ The person has no background experience of the situation in which he
or she is involved.
❖ There is difficulty discerning between relevant and irrelevant aspects of
the situation.
❖ Beginner to profession or nurse changing area of practice (Frisch,
2009)
❖ Generally this level applies to nursing students.
These inexperienced nurses function at the level of instruction from nursing
school. They are unable to make the leap from the classroom lecture to
individual patients. Often, they apply rules learned in nursing school to all
patients and are unable to discern individual patient needs. These nurses
are usually new graduates, or those nurses who return to the workplace after
a long absence and are re-educated in refresher programs.
Prepared by: Ma. Aileen Bernas, TFN
R.N.
