Fundamentals of Canadian Nursing, 4e (Kozier)
Chapter 1 Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice
1) What concepts did Florence Nightingale, the first nursing theorist, include in her definition of
nursing?
A) Caring for the sick and being trained housekeepers
B) Using fresh air, cleanliness, diet, and warmth
C) Understanding the concept of health promotion
D) Blending religion and work life to own and manage hospitals
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Incorrect. Florence Nightingale raised the status of nursing through education.
Nurses were no longer untrained housekeepers but persons educated in the care of the sick.
B) Correct. Florence Nightingale is considered the first nursing theorist and described nursing in
1860 as the "use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and the proper selection and
administration of diet."
C) Incorrect. In 1960 Virginia Henderson's more modern definition included care of the
individual sick or well. This care of individuals who are well indicated an understanding of the
concept of health promotion.
D) Incorrect. French-Canadian religious communities owned and managed hospitals, blending
religion and work life.
Type: MC
Learning Outcome: 1-1
2) Which group commonly provided midwifery and childhood illnesses care to Canada's white
settlers?
A) Victorian Order of Nurses
B) First Nations women
C) The Quiet Revolution of Quebec
D) Newfoundland outport nurses
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Incorrect. The Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) was not founded until 1897.
B) Correct. First Nations women provided much needed help to white settlers. This help was
critical to the survival of the new white communities. The expertise was particularly in the areas
of midwifery and childhood illnesses.
C) Incorrect. The Quiet Revolution in Quebec took place in the 1960s.
D) Incorrect. Outport nursing did not emerge until the time the VON was established.
Type: MC
Learning Outcome: 1-1
1
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.
, 3) What are some characteristics of theoretical definitions of nursing?
A) The interrelationship among nurses, nursing, the client, and health are described.
B) An agreed-upon set of nursing tasks and expected outcomes are included.
C) They were written before, or in the beginning of, the twentieth century.
D) They are limited to simplistic common definitions of the nursing profession.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct. Theoretical definitions of nursing are important because they go
beyond simplistic common definitions. They describe what nursing is and the interrelationship
among nurses, nursing, the client, and health.
B) Incorrect. Theoretical definitions of nursing do not include listing nursing tasks and expected
outcomes.
C) Incorrect. In he latter half of the twentieth century, a number of nurse theorists developed
their own theoretical definitions of nursing.
D) Incorrect. Theoretical definitions of nursing are important because they go beyond simplistic
common definitions. They describe what nursing is and the interrelationship among nurses,
nursing, the client, and health.
Type: MC
Learning Outcome: 1-3
4) What is the role of the nurse who assists the client to identify and cope with stressful
psychological or social problems?
A) Teacher
B) Counsellor
C) Change agent
D) Leader
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Incorrect. As a teacher, the nurse helps clients learn about their health and the
health care procedures they need to perform to maintain or restore their health.
B) Correct. As a counsellor the nurse provides emotional, intellectual and psychological support
in normal adjustment difficulties.
C) Incorrect. A change agent assists clients to make modifications in their own behaviour.
D) Incorrect. A nurse leader may be employed at different levels: individual, client, family,
groups of clients, colleagues, or the community.
Type: MC
Learning Outcome: 1-6
2
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.
Chapter 1 Historical and Contemporary Nursing Practice
1) What concepts did Florence Nightingale, the first nursing theorist, include in her definition of
nursing?
A) Caring for the sick and being trained housekeepers
B) Using fresh air, cleanliness, diet, and warmth
C) Understanding the concept of health promotion
D) Blending religion and work life to own and manage hospitals
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Incorrect. Florence Nightingale raised the status of nursing through education.
Nurses were no longer untrained housekeepers but persons educated in the care of the sick.
B) Correct. Florence Nightingale is considered the first nursing theorist and described nursing in
1860 as the "use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and the proper selection and
administration of diet."
C) Incorrect. In 1960 Virginia Henderson's more modern definition included care of the
individual sick or well. This care of individuals who are well indicated an understanding of the
concept of health promotion.
D) Incorrect. French-Canadian religious communities owned and managed hospitals, blending
religion and work life.
Type: MC
Learning Outcome: 1-1
2) Which group commonly provided midwifery and childhood illnesses care to Canada's white
settlers?
A) Victorian Order of Nurses
B) First Nations women
C) The Quiet Revolution of Quebec
D) Newfoundland outport nurses
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Incorrect. The Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) was not founded until 1897.
B) Correct. First Nations women provided much needed help to white settlers. This help was
critical to the survival of the new white communities. The expertise was particularly in the areas
of midwifery and childhood illnesses.
C) Incorrect. The Quiet Revolution in Quebec took place in the 1960s.
D) Incorrect. Outport nursing did not emerge until the time the VON was established.
Type: MC
Learning Outcome: 1-1
1
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.
, 3) What are some characteristics of theoretical definitions of nursing?
A) The interrelationship among nurses, nursing, the client, and health are described.
B) An agreed-upon set of nursing tasks and expected outcomes are included.
C) They were written before, or in the beginning of, the twentieth century.
D) They are limited to simplistic common definitions of the nursing profession.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Correct. Theoretical definitions of nursing are important because they go
beyond simplistic common definitions. They describe what nursing is and the interrelationship
among nurses, nursing, the client, and health.
B) Incorrect. Theoretical definitions of nursing do not include listing nursing tasks and expected
outcomes.
C) Incorrect. In he latter half of the twentieth century, a number of nurse theorists developed
their own theoretical definitions of nursing.
D) Incorrect. Theoretical definitions of nursing are important because they go beyond simplistic
common definitions. They describe what nursing is and the interrelationship among nurses,
nursing, the client, and health.
Type: MC
Learning Outcome: 1-3
4) What is the role of the nurse who assists the client to identify and cope with stressful
psychological or social problems?
A) Teacher
B) Counsellor
C) Change agent
D) Leader
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Incorrect. As a teacher, the nurse helps clients learn about their health and the
health care procedures they need to perform to maintain or restore their health.
B) Correct. As a counsellor the nurse provides emotional, intellectual and psychological support
in normal adjustment difficulties.
C) Incorrect. A change agent assists clients to make modifications in their own behaviour.
D) Incorrect. A nurse leader may be employed at different levels: individual, client, family,
groups of clients, colleagues, or the community.
Type: MC
Learning Outcome: 1-6
2
Copyright © 2018 Pearson Canada Inc.
