Pathophysiology
1 Body fluids are distributed in compartments throughout the body. The beginning nurse
understands that the 2 main body fluid compartments are the:
a Interstitial fluid compartment and the intracellular fluid compartment (K)
a Intravascular compartment and the interstitial fluid compartment
a Intravascular compartment and the extracellular compartment
a Intracellular compartment and the intravascular compartment
1 Movement of water from ICFto ECF is primarily accomplished from:
a Passive transport mechanism
1 An elderly 78 yr old man has anorexia, but sustains an d compensates himself by drinking too
much water:
a Hyponatremia
a Hypochloremia
a Hypokalemia (K)
a Hypernatremia
1 Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by:
a myocardial ischemia
a Myocardial infarction (K)
1 With 2 hormes become increased as a compensatory mechanism and may have protective effect in
decreasing preload? ANP and BNP
1 Water is drawn from ICF to ECF to reestablish equilibrium
1 Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure:
a Capillary oncotic pressure
a Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
a Capillary hydrostatic pressure
a Interstial oncotic pressure
1 Renin: which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomecular cells of the kidney when circulating blood
volume.
1 What is the sig. of deep, rabid breathing (kussmaul respiration) in metabolic acidosis?
a Indicates excessive carbon dioxide is exhaled to compensate for meta. Acid.
1 During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in H ions in the blood by shifting H ions
into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?
a Potassium
a Sodium (K)
a Magnesium
a Oxygen
1 What is the significance of deep, rapid breating (Kussmaul repirations) in metabolic acidosis?
a Indicates the anxiety, with rapid breathing, a cause of rep. acidosis
a It indicates the excessive CO2 is exhaled to compensate for MET.ACID.
a It indicates that diabetic ketoacidosis is the cause of the met. Acid
a It indicates that more Oxygen is necessary to compensate for RES. ACID. (K)
1 Chvostek and trousseas sign : hyperkalemia
This study source was downloaded by 100000817935606 from CourseHero.com on 02-23-2022 04:58:25 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/14486931/Pathophysiology-Midterm/
, 1 SIADH : causes excess water: the increase in antidiuretic hormone causes retention of water int eh
renal turbules.
1 Right-sided heart failure: ankles are swollen
1 Troponin I
1 Still in reference to heart attack pt, the physician orders an EKG. What waveform would the nurse
identify to further confirm the diagnosis of acute MI:
a ST segement elevation in leads II, III, and AVF
1 A nurse collecting data from a client with a diagnosis of L heart failure. Which data collection
technique would elicit specific info. Regarding the client left sided heart failure:
a Listening to lung sounds
1 Immunization against antigen: active artificial immunization
1 Type I hypersensitivity reaction: B lymphocytes
1 AB blood, she is likely to have,
a No antibodies against A or B
1 Encelphalitis is caused by viral
1 77 year old pt is brought to the clinic for admin of his age-appropriate vaccines. The mother asks
the nurse to explain the purpose of the vaccine admin. The nurse explanation is based on the
understanding that the goal of this intervention is: to create immunity against subsequent
exposure
1 A pt has been informed that there is evidence that the cancer has metastasized . The pt asks the
nurse to explain how had the metastatic process occurred. The nurse's explanation should be
based on the understanding that the most common route for distant metastasis is via which of the
following? Lymphatic
1 In explaining the characteristics of benign cells to a pt diagnosed with a tumor, which of the
following statements regarding the characteristics of benign tumors would not be included in the
nurses' explanation: Benign tumors are (spread via lymph nodes)
1 In assessing the pathology report for a pt diagnosed with a turmor involving muscle cells, the
nurse notes that the report indicates that the tumor cells have a reduced ability to form new
muscles tissue and appear highly disorganized. The nurse understands that these findings indicate
an example of which type of tissue change? DYSPLASIA
1 Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood
volume? RENIN
1 During acidosis, the body compensates for the increases in H ions in the blood by shifting H ions
into the cell in exchange for which electrolytes? K
1 A client with COPD is admitted with respiratory acidosis. The nursed determines that efforts to
correct the acidosis are effective by observing that : THE CLIENT'S CO2 LEVEL HAS DECREASED
This study source was downloaded by 100000817935606 from CourseHero.com on 02-23-2022 04:58:25 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/14486931/Pathophysiology-Midterm/
1 Body fluids are distributed in compartments throughout the body. The beginning nurse
understands that the 2 main body fluid compartments are the:
a Interstitial fluid compartment and the intracellular fluid compartment (K)
a Intravascular compartment and the interstitial fluid compartment
a Intravascular compartment and the extracellular compartment
a Intracellular compartment and the intravascular compartment
1 Movement of water from ICFto ECF is primarily accomplished from:
a Passive transport mechanism
1 An elderly 78 yr old man has anorexia, but sustains an d compensates himself by drinking too
much water:
a Hyponatremia
a Hypochloremia
a Hypokalemia (K)
a Hypernatremia
1 Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by:
a myocardial ischemia
a Myocardial infarction (K)
1 With 2 hormes become increased as a compensatory mechanism and may have protective effect in
decreasing preload? ANP and BNP
1 Water is drawn from ICF to ECF to reestablish equilibrium
1 Low plasma albumin causes edema as a result of a reduction in which pressure:
a Capillary oncotic pressure
a Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
a Capillary hydrostatic pressure
a Interstial oncotic pressure
1 Renin: which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomecular cells of the kidney when circulating blood
volume.
1 What is the sig. of deep, rabid breathing (kussmaul respiration) in metabolic acidosis?
a Indicates excessive carbon dioxide is exhaled to compensate for meta. Acid.
1 During acidosis, the body compensates for the increase in H ions in the blood by shifting H ions
into the cell in exchange for which electrolyte?
a Potassium
a Sodium (K)
a Magnesium
a Oxygen
1 What is the significance of deep, rapid breating (Kussmaul repirations) in metabolic acidosis?
a Indicates the anxiety, with rapid breathing, a cause of rep. acidosis
a It indicates the excessive CO2 is exhaled to compensate for MET.ACID.
a It indicates that diabetic ketoacidosis is the cause of the met. Acid
a It indicates that more Oxygen is necessary to compensate for RES. ACID. (K)
1 Chvostek and trousseas sign : hyperkalemia
This study source was downloaded by 100000817935606 from CourseHero.com on 02-23-2022 04:58:25 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/14486931/Pathophysiology-Midterm/
, 1 SIADH : causes excess water: the increase in antidiuretic hormone causes retention of water int eh
renal turbules.
1 Right-sided heart failure: ankles are swollen
1 Troponin I
1 Still in reference to heart attack pt, the physician orders an EKG. What waveform would the nurse
identify to further confirm the diagnosis of acute MI:
a ST segement elevation in leads II, III, and AVF
1 A nurse collecting data from a client with a diagnosis of L heart failure. Which data collection
technique would elicit specific info. Regarding the client left sided heart failure:
a Listening to lung sounds
1 Immunization against antigen: active artificial immunization
1 Type I hypersensitivity reaction: B lymphocytes
1 AB blood, she is likely to have,
a No antibodies against A or B
1 Encelphalitis is caused by viral
1 77 year old pt is brought to the clinic for admin of his age-appropriate vaccines. The mother asks
the nurse to explain the purpose of the vaccine admin. The nurse explanation is based on the
understanding that the goal of this intervention is: to create immunity against subsequent
exposure
1 A pt has been informed that there is evidence that the cancer has metastasized . The pt asks the
nurse to explain how had the metastatic process occurred. The nurse's explanation should be
based on the understanding that the most common route for distant metastasis is via which of the
following? Lymphatic
1 In explaining the characteristics of benign cells to a pt diagnosed with a tumor, which of the
following statements regarding the characteristics of benign tumors would not be included in the
nurses' explanation: Benign tumors are (spread via lymph nodes)
1 In assessing the pathology report for a pt diagnosed with a turmor involving muscle cells, the
nurse notes that the report indicates that the tumor cells have a reduced ability to form new
muscles tissue and appear highly disorganized. The nurse understands that these findings indicate
an example of which type of tissue change? DYSPLASIA
1 Which enzyme is secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney when circulating blood
volume? RENIN
1 During acidosis, the body compensates for the increases in H ions in the blood by shifting H ions
into the cell in exchange for which electrolytes? K
1 A client with COPD is admitted with respiratory acidosis. The nursed determines that efforts to
correct the acidosis are effective by observing that : THE CLIENT'S CO2 LEVEL HAS DECREASED
This study source was downloaded by 100000817935606 from CourseHero.com on 02-23-2022 04:58:25 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/14486931/Pathophysiology-Midterm/
