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Samenvatting Hersenen en Cognitie colleges

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Samenvatting van 2 pagina's voor het vak Hersenen en Cognitie aan de UU (.)

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Hersenen & Cognitie

College 1
Testing effect = vragen maken over stof helpt je te leren
Bekendheid effect = denken dat je de stof begrijpt als je het herkent
Cognitie gaat over geest/mind
Descartes: radicale twijfel  cogito ergo sum
Denken is een eigenschap van de geest dus de geest bestaat
Cognitieve fenomenen: probleemoplossing, beslissing, geheugen, kennis, perceptie, taal,
aandacht, bewustzijn
TCP: toegepaste cognitieve psychologie
Signaal detectie theorie over beslissen in onzekerheid (heeft een kind autisme?).
Neuropsychologie: hoe hersenschade cognitie beïnvloedt

F.C. Donders:
 Birth of CP: mental functions from behavior
 Reaction time tasks: simple, choice, go/no-go
 Substraction method: isolate mental functions
Eye doctor
Speed of mental processes, how long to become aware of falling apple = wilsbepaling
Helmholtz precursor of donders: stimulation to movement time.

First need to be aware that there’s something to grab, then discriminate between apple and
pear, then decide, then grab
Simple reaction time = detection + motor execution
Choice reaction time = detection + discrimination + deciding + motor execution
Difference is discrimination + deciding
Dissociate between discrimination and decision: go/no-go task:
Press right for right flash, don’t respond to left flash
Go/no-go reaction time = detection + discrimination + motor execution

Zintuigelijke registreren relatieve verschillen.
ΔI
Wet van Weber (waarneembare verschil is constant): =k
I
k = waarneembare verschil = weberfractie
Donders: reactietijd
Weber: waarneembare verschillen
Samen eerste psychologische wetten
James: stream of consciousness: inhoud bewustzijn: gevoelens, gedachtes, visioenen.
Armchair psychology: ‘vertel me wat er omgaat in jouw bewustzijn’.
Watson: studie van mind problematisch want berust op introspectie = niet objectief en niet
te verifiëren.
Behaviorisme: introspectie/bewustzijn niet wetenschappelijk en daarom inhoud mind
irrelevant. Daarom gedrag (aangeleerde stimulus-respons relaties) bestuderen.

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