Biology 1108, Exam 2 / BIOL1108 Exam 2 (Answered) Spring 2022.

Biology 1108, Exam 2 / BIOL1108 Exam 2 Biology 1108, Exam 2 1. In Figure 1, the modified leaf labeled X is a(n) _____ bearing at its base a(n) _____ containing 3 _____ a. megasporophyll | megasporangium j megaspores b. megasporangium | archegonium | eggs c. microsporophyll | microsporangium | microspores d. strobilus | sporophyte | gametes e. microsporangium | antheridium | sperm 2. A feature common to all green plants except green algae and bryophytes is ______ a. xylem tracheids b. pollen c. chlorophyll b d. embryo nurtured by parent plant e. seeds 3. What is one way that the sporophyte of a moss, hornwort or liverwort differs from the sporophytes of vascular plants? a. it produces spores by meiosis b. it is unicellular c. it is multicellular d. it is dikaryotic e. it is unbranched and bears a single sporangium 4. An archegonium is a structure that ______ a. produces an egg b. contains cells that later undergo meiosis c. is found on both gametophytes and sporophytes d. produces sperm e. produces spores 5. Which of the following stages of a plant life cycle is a single haploid cell? a. spore b. seed c. zygote d. pollen e. gametophyte . Which group of green plants contains some of the tallest, oldest and most massive individual organisms on earth? a. conifers b. bryophytes c. angiosperms d. fungi e. ferns 7. If a microsporangium from a male pine cone currently contains 100 microspores, how many pollen grains will eventually leave the microsporangium? a. 50 b. 400 c. 25 d. 100 e. 200 8. If a pollen grain arrives in Spring 2012 at the micropyle of a female pine ovule, when will the seed resulting from the fertilization of an egg in that particular ovule by the sperm from that particular pollen grain be dispersed? a. Spring 2013 b. Fall 2013 c. Spring 2014 d. Fall 2014 e. Spring 2015 9. The species Ginkgo biloba and one other group of gymnosperms known as ______ provide a possible original function for pollen tubes that differs from their ______ role in most seed plants, which is to carry sperm directly to the egg. In these two groups of gymnosperms, the sperm are and the pollen tube is ______ a. cycads | haustorial | agellated b. conifers | multicellular | necrotic c. gnetophytes | endosperm | projectile d. lycophytes | agellated | haustorial e. cycads | agellated | haustorial 10. The seed of a gymnosperm combines tissues from three generations: the seed coat is tissue, the embryo is tissue and the food storage tissue in between is tissue. a. gametophyte | gametophyte | sporophyte b. gametophyte | sporophyte | sporophyte c. sporophyte | gametophyte | sporophyte d. sporophyte | sporophyte | gametophyte e. gametophyte | sporophyte | gametophyte 11. Angiosperms have several features that make them more reproductively efficient than gymnosperms. By “more efficient" I mean they spend less energy getting pollen transferred or producing seeds. One example is ______ which results in the production of _____ only if fertilization occurred. a. single-fertilization | gymnosperm b. wind pollination | pollen c. double-fertilization | endosperm d. meiosis | spores e. chitin | dikaryotic hyphae what you can see in Figure 2, which of the following is not true of this flower? a. will produce an aggregate fruit b. has a superior ovary c. gynoecium comprises 3 carpels d. gynoecium is syncarpous 13. To go from microspore to pollen grain in the angiosperm life cycle we discussed in class requires ____ round(s) of cell division by ____ a. 1 | mitosis b. 2 | mitosis c. 1 | meiosis d. many | mitosis e. 2 | meiosis 14. One difference between angiosperm and gynosperm seeds is that the food storage tissue in gymnosperms is _____ while in angiosperms it is (at least initially) _____ a. endosperm | microgametophyte b. microgametophyte | endosperm c. integument | megagametophyte d. endosperm | megagametophyte e. megagametophyte | endosperm 15. There is general agreement among plant biologists that heterospory arose several times during green plant evolution (once in the lineage leading to the Lycophyte genus Selaginella, a second time in the lineage leading to the aquatic ferns, and then a third time in an ancestor of seed plants). If we defined a group named “Heterosporous Plants" that included all green plants that are heterosporous, that group would be best described as : a. apoplectic b. monophyletic c. polyphyletic d. paraphyletic e. epigenetic 16. The fruit type known as a follicle is a(n) fruit that is . a. aggregate | indehiscent b. simple | indehiscent dehiscent d. aggregate | dehiscent e. multiple | indehiscent 17. Fruits derived from an apocarpous gynoecium are known as fruits. a. complex b. multiple c. simple d. syncarpous e. aggregate 18. Figure 3 depicts which type of inflorescence? a. solitary b. raceme c. head d. umbel e. spike 19. A plant with red, odorless flowers producing nectar at the base of a long tubular corolla is probably pollinated by _____ a. birds b. bees c. wind d. beetles e. flies 20. A plant producing sweetly fragrant blue flowers shows a different pattern if photographed using ultraviolet-sensitive film than the pattern seen by human eyes. Such a plant is probably pollinated by a. flies b. birds c. bees d. beetles e. wind 21. Which of the following pairs of taxa is most closely related? a. Fungi, Plants b. Animals, Bacteria c. Plants, Bacteria d. Animals, Plants e. Fungi, Animals 22. Fungi are _____ which differentiates them from both Animals and Plants. a. autopolyploids b. autotrophs c. heterozygotes d. ingestive heterotrophs e. absorptive heterotrophs 23. Which of the following is not a phylum within the kingdom Fungi? a. basidiomycetes b. arbuscular mycorrhizae d. ascomycetes e. bread molds 24. A spore that detaches from a basidium on the gill of a basidiomycete basidiocarp (i.e. a mushroom) divides by mitosis to form a(n) . a. plasmodium b. dikaryotic hypha c. ascocarp d. basidiocarp e. monokaryotic hypha 25. A symbiotic association between a green alga and an ascomycete is known as a(n) ______ a. ascus b. arbuscule c. lichen d. mycorrhiza e. basidium 26. The genes for pod color (green vs. yellow) and seed shape (smooth vs. wrinkled) are on different chromosomes in peas. Suppose a sperm carrying alleles for green pods and smooth seeds fertilizes an egg carrying alleles for yellow pods and wrinkled seeds, and the resulting zygote grows into an adult pea plant that begins to generate gametes of its own. Which process is responsible for the fact that some of these gametes contain alleles for green pods and wrinkled seeds? a. mitosis b. recombination c. crossing over d. independent assortment e. fertilization 27. Which of the following pairs of chromosomes have the best chance of being homologous? a. a long and a short chromosome from the same parent b. two chromosomes of the same length from different parents c. a long and a short chromosome from different parents d. two chromosomes of the same length from the same parent 28. Which of the following best describes chromosomes at metaphase II of mieosis? a. each chromosome is a tetrad (4 chromatids joined at the centromere) b. each chromosome consists of one strand of DNA (equivalent of one chromatid) c. chromosomes are in an uncondensed state called chromatin at this stage d. each chromosome consists of two non-identical chromatids e. each chromosome consists of two identical chromatids 29. Which of the following best describes what happens to the spindle fibers attached to chromosomes during anaphase of mitosis? a. they coil up, which causes them to shorten, pulling chromatids toward the pole b. they shorten at the end closest to the pole c. they remain the same length d. they shorten at the end closest to the chromatid e. they shorten at both ends Figure 4 and choose the one scenario that would not result from recombination in the chromosomes depicted at the top of the figure. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 31. In which of the following types of plant cells could you find cells in the S phase of the cell cycle? a. companion cells b. meristem cells c. xylem cells d. fibers e. collenchyma cells The cell depicted in Figure 5 is undergoing anaphase. You can assume that each chromosome is the same length. Which of the following cannot be true? a. 2N=4 chromosomes and cell is undergoing meiosis II b. N=4 chromosomes and cell is undergoing meiosis II c. 2N=4 chromosomes and cell is undergoing mitosis d. N=4 chromosomes and cell is undergoing mitosis 33. Normally after mitosis or either division of meiosis, the rest of the cell divides, physically separating the two nuclei. This process is known as ______ a. plasmogamy b. kinetoplasty c. cytoplasmosis d. karyogamy e. cytokinesis 34. In the phylogeny shown in Figure 6, the closest relative to taxon C is: a. A b. B c. D d. E 35. In the phylogeny shown in Figure 6, which of the following groups is monophyletic? a. A, B, C, D, E b. K, L, M, D c. K, L, M, A, B, C d. D, E, F, G e. D, E, F, G, H, I 36. Given the (very short!) DNA sequences for the five taxa in the data table below, which of the phylogenetic trees in Figure 7 requires you to postulate the fewest copying mistakes in the history of these organisms? Taxon Sequence 1 AC 2 GT 3 AT 4 GT 5 AC a. Tree 1 b. Tree 2 c. Tree 3 d. Tree 4 e. Tree 5 37. Using Figure 6 The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the group consisting of taxa A, E and F is: a. ancestor 1 b. ancestor 2 c. ancestor 3 d. ancestor 4 e. ancestor 5 38. A phylogeny is a model of genealogy showing the historical and genetic relatedness of which may represent species or more inclusive groups such as genera or phyla. a. organelles b. centrosomes c. individuals d. equations e. taxa 39. A form of reasoning that develops general explanations from many specific observations is known as a. invective reasoning b. reflective reasoning c. reductive reasoning d. deductive reasoning e. inductive reasoning 40. In science, a theory differs from an hypothesis in that... a. a theory is an unsubstantiated hunch, whereas a hypothesis is a well-tested explanation of a diverse array of facts b. a theory is a well-tested explanation of a diverse array of facts, whereas an hypothesis is a tentative explanation that has not yet been extensively tested c. a theory is a non-scientific guess whereas a hypothesis is a scientific guess This study source was downloaded by from scientists agree on an hypothesis