RESPIRATION
respiration
Def: it is a chemical process in which a respiratory substrate e.g glucose is
broken down to release energy needed in living organisms
food product containing most hydrogen atoms provides
most
energy
.
Definitions
Phosphorylation addition of 13043 group ( ADP → ATP)
-
:
De Phosphorylation removal of phosphate group ( ATP → ADP)
-
:
Hydrogenation addition of H atom
:
Dehydrogenation removal Of It atom
:
Reduction : addition of H atom
Oxidation : addition of oxygen
carboxy a lati n : addition Of (E) 2
.
: removal of CO2
Decarboxylation
> =
•
addition of oxygen
.
removal of electron
.
removal of hydrogen
> =
-
removal of oxygen
•
addition of hydrogen
.
addition of electron
Types of Phosphorylation
substrate level
Oni dative Phosphorylation
Photo Phosphorylation
-
, i substrate level
when Pou
-3
is added to a substrate e. g-
(a) Glucose + Pou Glucose Phosphate
OR
Glucose + ATP Glucose phosphate + ADP
In cytoplasm
(b) ADP + Pi ( inorganic Pou ) ATP
ii -
Oxidative phosphorylation
when phosphorylation occurs in the presence of oxygen , so that
oxygen acts as a final electron acceptor
Ox phos Occurs
-
in inner membrane of Mitochondria .
iii -
Photo phosphorylation
addition of phosphate in presence of light energy e. g. When ADP
.
is changed to ATP in light dependent reaction to photosynthesis
location : Thylakoid
Q. The need for energy in living organisms.
-
ATP as universal energy currency
-
light energy for photosynthesis
.
ATP used in conversion of glucose phosphate to those phosphate in glycolysis
-
ATP used to regenerate RUBP
.
energy needed for Anabolic reactions
-
protein synthesis / starch formation / triglyceride formation
-
activation energy
activate glucose in glycolysis
-
.
-
active transport .
e.
g. sodium / potassium pump
movement / locomotion .
e- g. muscle contraction / cilia beating / endocytosis /exocytosis / bulk transport
respiration
Def: it is a chemical process in which a respiratory substrate e.g glucose is
broken down to release energy needed in living organisms
food product containing most hydrogen atoms provides
most
energy
.
Definitions
Phosphorylation addition of 13043 group ( ADP → ATP)
-
:
De Phosphorylation removal of phosphate group ( ATP → ADP)
-
:
Hydrogenation addition of H atom
:
Dehydrogenation removal Of It atom
:
Reduction : addition of H atom
Oxidation : addition of oxygen
carboxy a lati n : addition Of (E) 2
.
: removal of CO2
Decarboxylation
> =
•
addition of oxygen
.
removal of electron
.
removal of hydrogen
> =
-
removal of oxygen
•
addition of hydrogen
.
addition of electron
Types of Phosphorylation
substrate level
Oni dative Phosphorylation
Photo Phosphorylation
-
, i substrate level
when Pou
-3
is added to a substrate e. g-
(a) Glucose + Pou Glucose Phosphate
OR
Glucose + ATP Glucose phosphate + ADP
In cytoplasm
(b) ADP + Pi ( inorganic Pou ) ATP
ii -
Oxidative phosphorylation
when phosphorylation occurs in the presence of oxygen , so that
oxygen acts as a final electron acceptor
Ox phos Occurs
-
in inner membrane of Mitochondria .
iii -
Photo phosphorylation
addition of phosphate in presence of light energy e. g. When ADP
.
is changed to ATP in light dependent reaction to photosynthesis
location : Thylakoid
Q. The need for energy in living organisms.
-
ATP as universal energy currency
-
light energy for photosynthesis
.
ATP used in conversion of glucose phosphate to those phosphate in glycolysis
-
ATP used to regenerate RUBP
.
energy needed for Anabolic reactions
-
protein synthesis / starch formation / triglyceride formation
-
activation energy
activate glucose in glycolysis
-
.
-
active transport .
e.
g. sodium / potassium pump
movement / locomotion .
e- g. muscle contraction / cilia beating / endocytosis /exocytosis / bulk transport
