Lectures Nutrition to Fuel Sports Performance (HMS4601)
1. Substrate Metabolism
Background on CHO
CHO = saccharides
Mono-saccharide (Gluctose, fructose, galactose)
Di-saccharides (Maltose: gluc+gluc; Sucrose: gluc+fruc; Lactose : gluc + galact)
Poly-saccharides (Glycogen, Cellulose, Starch)
Mono-saccharides Poly-saccharides
This is what you want during exercise
Stijn Tans 1
, Excess glycogen can be stored in the muscle via GLUT4 and liver via GLUT 2 for later
energy use
!! glucose 6-phosphatase is only found in the liver; this makes sense because most of
the energy from glucose is needed in the muscle
So via this pathway liver glucose can be transferred to the muscle for energy use
Two different glycogen pools in the muscle and liver: proglycogen (storage is most
prominent during recovery) and macroglycogen (during second fase of recovery,
greater amount of glucose to each glycogenin core)
Stijn Tans 2
, Background on Fat
Storage in the form of trigycerides in muscle or adipose tissue. If needed it can
transported back from adipose tissue to the muscle for energy
Adipose tissue = between 5-60% of body mass
Upper body (abdominal) vs lower body (gluteo femoral) fat
WAT: wide adipose tissue
Different kinds of fat
SAT: subcutaneous fat
IMAT: intermuscular fat
IMF: intermyofibrillar fat
IMCL: intramyocellular lipids
Each triglyceride consists of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol group (= C-atoms), this
combination provides energy in the mitochondria in the form of ATP
Stijn Tans 3
, Biggest difference between saturated – unsaturated is one or more double bonds in the
unsaturated string
Muscle Anatomy and Physiology
Skeletal Muscle
The human body generally has 640 to 850 muscles
Muscle Contraction
Muscle fiber types
- Type 1 muscle fibers (Endurance)
- Type 2 muscle fibers (Strength, Resistance)
Stijn Tans 4
1. Substrate Metabolism
Background on CHO
CHO = saccharides
Mono-saccharide (Gluctose, fructose, galactose)
Di-saccharides (Maltose: gluc+gluc; Sucrose: gluc+fruc; Lactose : gluc + galact)
Poly-saccharides (Glycogen, Cellulose, Starch)
Mono-saccharides Poly-saccharides
This is what you want during exercise
Stijn Tans 1
, Excess glycogen can be stored in the muscle via GLUT4 and liver via GLUT 2 for later
energy use
!! glucose 6-phosphatase is only found in the liver; this makes sense because most of
the energy from glucose is needed in the muscle
So via this pathway liver glucose can be transferred to the muscle for energy use
Two different glycogen pools in the muscle and liver: proglycogen (storage is most
prominent during recovery) and macroglycogen (during second fase of recovery,
greater amount of glucose to each glycogenin core)
Stijn Tans 2
, Background on Fat
Storage in the form of trigycerides in muscle or adipose tissue. If needed it can
transported back from adipose tissue to the muscle for energy
Adipose tissue = between 5-60% of body mass
Upper body (abdominal) vs lower body (gluteo femoral) fat
WAT: wide adipose tissue
Different kinds of fat
SAT: subcutaneous fat
IMAT: intermuscular fat
IMF: intermyofibrillar fat
IMCL: intramyocellular lipids
Each triglyceride consists of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol group (= C-atoms), this
combination provides energy in the mitochondria in the form of ATP
Stijn Tans 3
, Biggest difference between saturated – unsaturated is one or more double bonds in the
unsaturated string
Muscle Anatomy and Physiology
Skeletal Muscle
The human body generally has 640 to 850 muscles
Muscle Contraction
Muscle fiber types
- Type 1 muscle fibers (Endurance)
- Type 2 muscle fibers (Strength, Resistance)
Stijn Tans 4
