Physiology ll for pharmacy student
Spring 2020, Dr. Faisal
LO1: Introduction to Nervous System Date: 3/2/2020
__________________________________________________________
An Introduction to the Central Nervous System:
homeostasis and that is their Major Rule. For example, if we are talking
about the Respiratory System it maintains the normal gases levels.
To Ensure that all of these systems are working in harmony we need a
control system and here it comes the need for:
1. The Central Nervous System CNS.
2. The Endocrine System.
These two systems are Different, while the CNS is fast and uses Action
Potentials that travels 120 m/s through neurons, the Endocrine System
is slow uses Hormones and has better gain than that of the CNS.
*the Endocrine System actually secrets chemicals into blood that might
need a carrier if they were lipid soluble, then they reach a target cell
triggering a respond through a series of interactions causing a change in
the Metabolisms of the cell or growth.
So we are saying that there the Endocrine
System changes Metabolisms and CNS works on muscles & glands.
Note: Gain = Correction / Error (left)
, Ex: the normal Arterial BP is 100 mmHg. If it increases for some reasons
to 120 mmHg, the baroreceptors* should work to bring the BP down
again BUT it will never bring it to 100. it will bring to 105 mmHg (for ex).
Gain = (120-105)/ (105-100) = 3 ----------------> .
On the other hand, the Endocrine System is able to bring the BP back
from 120 mmHg to 100.001 mmHg.
Correction = almost 20, Error = almost Zero
Gain = 20/0 = ---------> very huge gain in compare to that of the CNS.
The Central Nervous System CNS
CNS = Brain + Spinal cord.
In order to feel any sensation the cerebral cortex of the brain must * Receptors
receive an AP, that happens when a specific receptor receives a Are Attach
stimulus converting its energy to an AP (electrical energy) and then
to Afferen
sending it through Afferent Neurons to Association (interneurons)
neurons
which does the AnalysesI of information and makes decisions, and the
respond or the decision made is then sent by Motor Neurons.
Note: the type of sensation (pain, temperature, pressure) is determined
by the specific receptor that caught it, while the location is determined
by the tract the AP took.
Remember: the right hemisphere of the brain controls the left side of
the body and the left hemisphere controls the right one.
90% of
have been blocked in the way up to the cerebral cortex at the level of
synapses s what causes Adaptation.
Spring 2020, Dr. Faisal
LO1: Introduction to Nervous System Date: 3/2/2020
__________________________________________________________
An Introduction to the Central Nervous System:
homeostasis and that is their Major Rule. For example, if we are talking
about the Respiratory System it maintains the normal gases levels.
To Ensure that all of these systems are working in harmony we need a
control system and here it comes the need for:
1. The Central Nervous System CNS.
2. The Endocrine System.
These two systems are Different, while the CNS is fast and uses Action
Potentials that travels 120 m/s through neurons, the Endocrine System
is slow uses Hormones and has better gain than that of the CNS.
*the Endocrine System actually secrets chemicals into blood that might
need a carrier if they were lipid soluble, then they reach a target cell
triggering a respond through a series of interactions causing a change in
the Metabolisms of the cell or growth.
So we are saying that there the Endocrine
System changes Metabolisms and CNS works on muscles & glands.
Note: Gain = Correction / Error (left)
, Ex: the normal Arterial BP is 100 mmHg. If it increases for some reasons
to 120 mmHg, the baroreceptors* should work to bring the BP down
again BUT it will never bring it to 100. it will bring to 105 mmHg (for ex).
Gain = (120-105)/ (105-100) = 3 ----------------> .
On the other hand, the Endocrine System is able to bring the BP back
from 120 mmHg to 100.001 mmHg.
Correction = almost 20, Error = almost Zero
Gain = 20/0 = ---------> very huge gain in compare to that of the CNS.
The Central Nervous System CNS
CNS = Brain + Spinal cord.
In order to feel any sensation the cerebral cortex of the brain must * Receptors
receive an AP, that happens when a specific receptor receives a Are Attach
stimulus converting its energy to an AP (electrical energy) and then
to Afferen
sending it through Afferent Neurons to Association (interneurons)
neurons
which does the AnalysesI of information and makes decisions, and the
respond or the decision made is then sent by Motor Neurons.
Note: the type of sensation (pain, temperature, pressure) is determined
by the specific receptor that caught it, while the location is determined
by the tract the AP took.
Remember: the right hemisphere of the brain controls the left side of
the body and the left hemisphere controls the right one.
90% of
have been blocked in the way up to the cerebral cortex at the level of
synapses s what causes Adaptation.
