The Material City - Year 1, Semester 2
The Material City – Year 1 Semester 2
Contents
Natural Resources: .................................................................................................................................. 4
Definition: ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Examples: ............................................................................................................................................ 4
- Sunlight ................................................................................................................................... 4
- Water ...................................................................................................................................... 4
- Air ............................................................................................................................................ 4
- Soil ........................................................................................................................................... 4
- Fossil fuels ............................................................................................................................... 4
- Vegetation ............................................................................................................................... 4
Impacts of heat islands: .......................................................................................................................... 4
Ecosystem services.................................................................................................................................. 4
Examples: ............................................................................................................................................ 4
- Provisioning services ............................................................................................................... 4
- Regulating services.................................................................................................................. 4
- Cultural services ...................................................................................................................... 4
Some Facts about cities: ......................................................................................................................... 5
What are the main criteria for future cities? .......................................................................................... 5
They need to provide adequate:......................................................................................................... 5
Sustainable Development ....................................................................................................................... 5
What does it mean? ............................................................................................................................ 5
Definition: ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Goals for sustainable development according to Edward B. Barbier: ............................................ 5
Urban Metabolism .................................................................................................................................. 6
Definition of Metabolism: ................................................................................................................... 6
Historical Context:............................................................................................................................... 6
Now: .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Society’s Metabolism: ......................................................................................................................... 6
Urban Metabolism: ............................................................................................................................. 6
At the local scale: ............................................................................................................................ 6
Different approaches for assessing urban metabolism: ................................................................. 6
The city organism: ........................................................................................................................... 7
Circular system:............................................................................................................................... 7
1|Page
,The Material City - Year 1, Semester 2
The Role of Cities: ................................................................................................................................... 8
Urban Experimentation: ......................................................................................................................... 8
What is it? ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Urban Living-labs: ............................................................................................................................... 8
Examples of urban living-labs: ........................................................................................................ 8
The Global South:................................................................................................................................ 8
The paradox of slums: ..................................................................................................................... 8
GPD ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
What is GDP? ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Decoupling: ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Economic Growth is not everything................................................................................................ 9
How do you Manage the Transition to Sustainability? ..................................................................... 10
Multilevel Transition Approaches: ................................................................................................ 10
Urban Transitions Analysis: ........................................................................................................... 10
Circular Economy: ............................................................................................................................. 10
Why? ............................................................................................................................................. 12
How? ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Functional Service Economy ......................................................................................................... 12
Stimulating Circularity ................................................................................................................... 13
Supporting the Circular Economy: ................................................................................................ 13
The Big Circular Economy Questions: ........................................................................................... 13
Recycling ............................................................................................................................................... 14
Benefits: ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Challenges: ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Problems with Recycling: .................................................................................................................. 14
Logistics: ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Technological: ............................................................................................................................... 14
Environmental:.............................................................................................................................. 14
Economic: ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Legislative:..................................................................................................................................... 14
Drivers for the Increasing Material Use: ........................................................................................... 15
Material Use...................................................................................................................................... 15
Direct (inhabitants of Amsterdam): .............................................................................................. 15
Indirect (inhabitants of Amsterdam): ........................................................................................... 15
Where do the materials come from?............................................................................................ 15
Obtaining Materials .............................................................................................................................. 16
2|Page
, The Material City - Year 1, Semester 2
Abiotic Materials (Mining): ............................................................................................................... 16
Significant Mines: .......................................................................................................................... 16
Why? ............................................................................................................................................. 16
Why not? ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Can it go wrong? ........................................................................................................................... 16
Environmental Concerns: .............................................................................................................. 16
Social Impacts: .............................................................................................................................. 17
Biotic Materials: ................................................................................................................................ 17
Impacts:......................................................................................................................................... 17
Critical Raw Materials (CRM) ................................................................................................................ 17
Rare Earths (REE) .............................................................................................................................. 18
Resource Scarcity .............................................................................................................................. 18
Dodd-Frank Act: ............................................................................................................................ 18
EU Regulation for Conflict Minerals .............................................................................................. 18
Yale Method – Tom Graedel ......................................................................................................... 18
Co-occurrence ............................................................................................................................... 19
One of the problems: .................................................................................................................... 19
Recycling Is limited:....................................................................................................................... 19
3|Page
The Material City – Year 1 Semester 2
Contents
Natural Resources: .................................................................................................................................. 4
Definition: ........................................................................................................................................... 4
Examples: ............................................................................................................................................ 4
- Sunlight ................................................................................................................................... 4
- Water ...................................................................................................................................... 4
- Air ............................................................................................................................................ 4
- Soil ........................................................................................................................................... 4
- Fossil fuels ............................................................................................................................... 4
- Vegetation ............................................................................................................................... 4
Impacts of heat islands: .......................................................................................................................... 4
Ecosystem services.................................................................................................................................. 4
Examples: ............................................................................................................................................ 4
- Provisioning services ............................................................................................................... 4
- Regulating services.................................................................................................................. 4
- Cultural services ...................................................................................................................... 4
Some Facts about cities: ......................................................................................................................... 5
What are the main criteria for future cities? .......................................................................................... 5
They need to provide adequate:......................................................................................................... 5
Sustainable Development ....................................................................................................................... 5
What does it mean? ............................................................................................................................ 5
Definition: ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Goals for sustainable development according to Edward B. Barbier: ............................................ 5
Urban Metabolism .................................................................................................................................. 6
Definition of Metabolism: ................................................................................................................... 6
Historical Context:............................................................................................................................... 6
Now: .................................................................................................................................................... 6
Society’s Metabolism: ......................................................................................................................... 6
Urban Metabolism: ............................................................................................................................. 6
At the local scale: ............................................................................................................................ 6
Different approaches for assessing urban metabolism: ................................................................. 6
The city organism: ........................................................................................................................... 7
Circular system:............................................................................................................................... 7
1|Page
,The Material City - Year 1, Semester 2
The Role of Cities: ................................................................................................................................... 8
Urban Experimentation: ......................................................................................................................... 8
What is it? ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Urban Living-labs: ............................................................................................................................... 8
Examples of urban living-labs: ........................................................................................................ 8
The Global South:................................................................................................................................ 8
The paradox of slums: ..................................................................................................................... 8
GPD ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
What is GDP? ...................................................................................................................................... 8
Decoupling: ..................................................................................................................................... 9
Economic Growth is not everything................................................................................................ 9
How do you Manage the Transition to Sustainability? ..................................................................... 10
Multilevel Transition Approaches: ................................................................................................ 10
Urban Transitions Analysis: ........................................................................................................... 10
Circular Economy: ............................................................................................................................. 10
Why? ............................................................................................................................................. 12
How? ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Functional Service Economy ......................................................................................................... 12
Stimulating Circularity ................................................................................................................... 13
Supporting the Circular Economy: ................................................................................................ 13
The Big Circular Economy Questions: ........................................................................................... 13
Recycling ............................................................................................................................................... 14
Benefits: ............................................................................................................................................ 14
Challenges: ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Problems with Recycling: .................................................................................................................. 14
Logistics: ........................................................................................................................................ 14
Technological: ............................................................................................................................... 14
Environmental:.............................................................................................................................. 14
Economic: ...................................................................................................................................... 14
Legislative:..................................................................................................................................... 14
Drivers for the Increasing Material Use: ........................................................................................... 15
Material Use...................................................................................................................................... 15
Direct (inhabitants of Amsterdam): .............................................................................................. 15
Indirect (inhabitants of Amsterdam): ........................................................................................... 15
Where do the materials come from?............................................................................................ 15
Obtaining Materials .............................................................................................................................. 16
2|Page
, The Material City - Year 1, Semester 2
Abiotic Materials (Mining): ............................................................................................................... 16
Significant Mines: .......................................................................................................................... 16
Why? ............................................................................................................................................. 16
Why not? ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Can it go wrong? ........................................................................................................................... 16
Environmental Concerns: .............................................................................................................. 16
Social Impacts: .............................................................................................................................. 17
Biotic Materials: ................................................................................................................................ 17
Impacts:......................................................................................................................................... 17
Critical Raw Materials (CRM) ................................................................................................................ 17
Rare Earths (REE) .............................................................................................................................. 18
Resource Scarcity .............................................................................................................................. 18
Dodd-Frank Act: ............................................................................................................................ 18
EU Regulation for Conflict Minerals .............................................................................................. 18
Yale Method – Tom Graedel ......................................................................................................... 18
Co-occurrence ............................................................................................................................... 19
One of the problems: .................................................................................................................... 19
Recycling Is limited:....................................................................................................................... 19
3|Page
