CH-01Answer Key
1. Microorganisms are best defined as organisms that
A. can only be found growing in laboratories.
B. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.
C. are infectious particles.
D. lack a cell nucleus.
E. cause human disease.
2. Which of the following are not considered microorganisms?
A. Fungi
B. Protozoa
C. Viruses
D. Bacteria
E.Mosquitoes
3. Helminths are ______.
A. molds
B.parasitic worms
C. bacteria
D. protozoa
E. infectious particles
4. Among the types of microorganisms, the ______ are noncellular.
A. protozoans
B. bacteria
C.viruses
D. helminths
*The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique
structures and genomes.
5. Studies of the immune response to an infection caused by microorganisms would be performed by a(n) ______.
A. hypersensitivity specialist
B.immunologist
C. geomicrobiologist
D. epidemiologist
Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
6. Which of the following pairs of career descriptions and work tasks is not correctly matched?
A. Medical microbiologist -- identify the cause of a bladder infection at a hospital lab
B. Industrial microbiologist -- manipulate bacterial strains to be less pathogenic
C. Agricultural microbiologist -- identify bacterial causes of crop disease
D. Public health microbiologist -- track the incidence of AIDS in a population
Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products.
7. A scientist who studies the influence of microbes in the formation of caves is called a(n) ______.
A. astrobiologist
B. epidemiologist
C. geomicrobiologist
D. immunologist
, Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g., in biogeochemical cycles and plant and/or
animal microflora).
8. Astrobiology is considered a sub-discipline of microbiology because
A. life elsewhere in the universe is likely to be microbial.
B. microbes are known to exist on other planets.
C. all extraterrestrials known are microbial.
D. only microbes can reproduce under the extreme conditions in outer space.
Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.
9. Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow?
A. Decomposition of dead matter and wastes
B. Digestion of complex carbohydrates in animal diets
C. Formation of greenhouse gases, CO2 and methane
D. Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior
Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.
10. The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called ______.
A. fermenters
B. eukaryotes
C. decomposers
D. pathogens
E. prokaryotes
Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g., nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).
Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g., in biogeochemical cycles and plant and/or animal microflora).
11. The majority of oxygen in earth's atmosphere is a product of photosynthesis by ______.
A. rain forests
B. microorganisms
C. green plants
D. agricultural lands
12. The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______.
A. cells with a true nucleus
B. the last universal common ancestor
C. photosynthetic bacteria
D. archaea
13. The first cells appeared about ___ billion years ago.
A. 5
B. 4.5
C. 3.5
D. 2
E. 1
14. A hypothesis must be tested many times before it can be considered a theory.
TRUE
Ability to apply the process of science: Demonstrate an ability to formulate hypotheses and design experiments based on the scientific method.
15. Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual structural and functional changes over long periods of time?
, A. Evolution
B. Morphology
C. Phylogeny
D. Genetics
E. Transformation
The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees.
16. When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called ______.
A. epidemiology
B. taxonomy
C. bioremediation
D. genetic engineering
E. immunology
Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function.
Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products.
17. Which activity is an example of biotechnology?
A. Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors
B. Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community
C. Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds
D. A microbiologist using the microscope to view bacteria
E. Escherichia coli producing human insulin
18. Which of the following is a traditional human use of microorganisms?
A. Baking bread
B. Cleaning up oil spills
C. Treating water and sewage
D. Mass-producing antibiotics
19. Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of ______.
A. biotechnology
B. bioremediation
C. decomposition
D. epidemiology
E. immunology
20. Disease-causing microorganisms are called ______.
A. pathogens
B. decomposers
C. fermenters
D. bacteria
E. eukaryotes
21. The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.
A. AIDS-related diseases
B. malaria and other protozoan diseases
C. respiratory diseases
D. measles and other rash diseases
E. diarrheal diseases
22. Many chronic medical conditions have been found to be associated with microbial agents.
TRUE
23. The incidence of deaths from communicable disease is ______ in the United States compared to the entire world.
, A. less
B. greater
C. about the same
24. In which way are bacteria and eukaryotes the same?
A. Contain a nucleus to hold DNA
B. Contain ribosomes for protein synthesis
C. Contain membrane-bound organelles
D. Have a cell wall for rigidity
25. In which way are archaea and eukaryotes the same?
A. Have a cell wall for rigidity
B. Can use flagella for movement
C. Contain mitochondria for energy production
D. Contain membrane-bound organelles
26. All bacteria and archaea are microorganisms, but only some eukaryotes are microorganisms.
TRUE
27. Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of
microorganisms?
A. Cannot be seen without a microscope
B. Contain genetic material
C. Cause human disease
D. Lack a nucleus
E. Lack cell structure
28. Organisms called parasites are ______.
A. the decomposers in ecosystems
B. always viruses
C. always harmful to their host
D. free-living
29. Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A. Yeasts
B. Parasites
C. Viruses
D. Fungi
E. Bacteria
30. Eukaryotic cells are larger than bacterial or archaeal cells; all cells are larger than macromolecules. Where do viruses fit on this
scale?
A. Viruses are smaller than eukaryotic cells, but larger than bacterial or archaeal cells.
B. Viruses are smaller than macromolecules.
C. Viruses are larger than eukaryotic cells.
D. Viruses are smaller than bacterial or archaeal cells, but larger than macromolecules.
31. In general, eukaryotic cells are about ______ times larger than bacterial or archaeal cells.
A. 2
B. 10
C. 50
D. 1000
1. Microorganisms are best defined as organisms that
A. can only be found growing in laboratories.
B. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye.
C. are infectious particles.
D. lack a cell nucleus.
E. cause human disease.
2. Which of the following are not considered microorganisms?
A. Fungi
B. Protozoa
C. Viruses
D. Bacteria
E.Mosquitoes
3. Helminths are ______.
A. molds
B.parasitic worms
C. bacteria
D. protozoa
E. infectious particles
4. Among the types of microorganisms, the ______ are noncellular.
A. protozoans
B. bacteria
C.viruses
D. helminths
*The replication cycles of viruses (lytic and lysogenic) differ among viruses and are determined by their unique
structures and genomes.
5. Studies of the immune response to an infection caused by microorganisms would be performed by a(n) ______.
A. hypersensitivity specialist
B.immunologist
C. geomicrobiologist
D. epidemiologist
Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
6. Which of the following pairs of career descriptions and work tasks is not correctly matched?
A. Medical microbiologist -- identify the cause of a bladder infection at a hospital lab
B. Industrial microbiologist -- manipulate bacterial strains to be less pathogenic
C. Agricultural microbiologist -- identify bacterial causes of crop disease
D. Public health microbiologist -- track the incidence of AIDS in a population
Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products.
7. A scientist who studies the influence of microbes in the formation of caves is called a(n) ______.
A. astrobiologist
B. epidemiologist
C. geomicrobiologist
D. immunologist
, Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g., in biogeochemical cycles and plant and/or
animal microflora).
8. Astrobiology is considered a sub-discipline of microbiology because
A. life elsewhere in the universe is likely to be microbial.
B. microbes are known to exist on other planets.
C. all extraterrestrials known are microbial.
D. only microbes can reproduce under the extreme conditions in outer space.
Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.
9. Which of the following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow?
A. Decomposition of dead matter and wastes
B. Digestion of complex carbohydrates in animal diets
C. Formation of greenhouse gases, CO2 and methane
D. Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior
Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.
10. The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called ______.
A. fermenters
B. eukaryotes
C. decomposers
D. pathogens
E. prokaryotes
Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g., nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).
Microbes are essential for life as we know it and the processes that support life (e.g., in biogeochemical cycles and plant and/or animal microflora).
11. The majority of oxygen in earth's atmosphere is a product of photosynthesis by ______.
A. rain forests
B. microorganisms
C. green plants
D. agricultural lands
12. The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______.
A. cells with a true nucleus
B. the last universal common ancestor
C. photosynthetic bacteria
D. archaea
13. The first cells appeared about ___ billion years ago.
A. 5
B. 4.5
C. 3.5
D. 2
E. 1
14. A hypothesis must be tested many times before it can be considered a theory.
TRUE
Ability to apply the process of science: Demonstrate an ability to formulate hypotheses and design experiments based on the scientific method.
15. Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual structural and functional changes over long periods of time?
, A. Evolution
B. Morphology
C. Phylogeny
D. Genetics
E. Transformation
The evolutionary relatedness of organisms is best reflected in phylogenetic trees.
16. When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is called ______.
A. epidemiology
B. taxonomy
C. bioremediation
D. genetic engineering
E. immunology
Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function.
Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products.
17. Which activity is an example of biotechnology?
A. Bacteria in the soil secreting an antibiotic to kill competitors
B. Public health officials monitoring diseases in a community
C. Egyptians using moldy bread on wounds
D. A microbiologist using the microscope to view bacteria
E. Escherichia coli producing human insulin
18. Which of the following is a traditional human use of microorganisms?
A. Baking bread
B. Cleaning up oil spills
C. Treating water and sewage
D. Mass-producing antibiotics
19. Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of ______.
A. biotechnology
B. bioremediation
C. decomposition
D. epidemiology
E. immunology
20. Disease-causing microorganisms are called ______.
A. pathogens
B. decomposers
C. fermenters
D. bacteria
E. eukaryotes
21. The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.
A. AIDS-related diseases
B. malaria and other protozoan diseases
C. respiratory diseases
D. measles and other rash diseases
E. diarrheal diseases
22. Many chronic medical conditions have been found to be associated with microbial agents.
TRUE
23. The incidence of deaths from communicable disease is ______ in the United States compared to the entire world.
, A. less
B. greater
C. about the same
24. In which way are bacteria and eukaryotes the same?
A. Contain a nucleus to hold DNA
B. Contain ribosomes for protein synthesis
C. Contain membrane-bound organelles
D. Have a cell wall for rigidity
25. In which way are archaea and eukaryotes the same?
A. Have a cell wall for rigidity
B. Can use flagella for movement
C. Contain mitochondria for energy production
D. Contain membrane-bound organelles
26. All bacteria and archaea are microorganisms, but only some eukaryotes are microorganisms.
TRUE
27. Which of the following is a unique characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from the other major groups of
microorganisms?
A. Cannot be seen without a microscope
B. Contain genetic material
C. Cause human disease
D. Lack a nucleus
E. Lack cell structure
28. Organisms called parasites are ______.
A. the decomposers in ecosystems
B. always viruses
C. always harmful to their host
D. free-living
29. Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering?
A. Yeasts
B. Parasites
C. Viruses
D. Fungi
E. Bacteria
30. Eukaryotic cells are larger than bacterial or archaeal cells; all cells are larger than macromolecules. Where do viruses fit on this
scale?
A. Viruses are smaller than eukaryotic cells, but larger than bacterial or archaeal cells.
B. Viruses are smaller than macromolecules.
C. Viruses are larger than eukaryotic cells.
D. Viruses are smaller than bacterial or archaeal cells, but larger than macromolecules.
31. In general, eukaryotic cells are about ______ times larger than bacterial or archaeal cells.
A. 2
B. 10
C. 50
D. 1000
