ATI COMPREHENSIVE FINAL 2022
ECG of electrolyte imbalances - -hypocalcemia: prolonged QT interval
-hypercalcemia: shortened QT interval
-hypokalemia: flattened T-waves & cardiac dysrhythmia
-hyperkalemia: widened QRS
hypocalcemia - tetany, cramps; paresthesia or numbness; abdominal
cramps; hypotension; dysrhythmias; trousseau's sign and chvostek's sign;
seizures, hyperreflexia; impaired clotting time
seizure precautions
lamotrigine - -antiepileptic drug: rash is 1st indication of Stevens-Johnson
syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis; can occur first 2-8 weeks of Tx-
report STAT
balanced skeletal traction - -offer diet high in fluids and fiber b/c
immobilized pt at risk for constipation
-provide pin care w/ one of following solutions: chlorhexidine, povidone-
iodine; half-strength hydrogen peroxide
doxycycline - tetracycline antibiotic; AE is photo-sensitivity
thrombocytopenia - PLT < 100,000 (normal is 150,000-450,000)increased
risk of bleeding; if IV being d/c apply pressure for at least 5 mins
-bleeding precautions; avoid IM injections
Diabetes insipidus - -polyuria, hypernatremia
Tx hypotonic sodium chloride and vasopressin/DDAVP
,ATI COMPREHENSIVE FINAL 2022
SIADH - hypervolemia, decreased sodium;
Tx fluid restriction, Na replacement w/ sodium chloride and IV lasix
anterior fontanel closes at.. - 18 months
8 months.. - sits unsupported, stranger anxiety
9 month - drinks well from a cup
12 months - says 2 words; has 6 teeth
amblyopia & strabismus - -amblyopia is disorder of eye in which unilateral
central blindness occurs as result of another condition such as
strabismus
-in strabismus, muscle weakness allows one eye to wander so child
cannot focus on an object w/ both eyes at same time. this confusion
causes brain to ignore signals from weak eye in favor of strong one, this
will result in central blindness if not treated by age of 6
-to strengthen weak eye muscle unaffected eye is patched
schizophrenia: appropriate activity - -walking w/ staff around gated
grounds
-encourage to participate in nonthreatening, noncompetitive physical
activities, provide opportunity for verbal interaction w/ health care team
member
situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery - type of refractive eye laser surgery
opthalmologists perform to correct myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism
which all common causes of nearsightedness; however many people
, ATI COMPREHENSIVE FINAL 2022
develop presbyopia (farsightedness) w/ age and may need reading glasses
despite having Lasik surgery
Asperger's syndrome - high functioning form of autism spectrum disorder,
typically child will have normal to high cognitive skills; a structured
environment can help to minimize problems experienced w/ sudden
schedule changes, socialization requirements and preference for
ritualistic behavior
subtotal thyroidectomy emergency bedside equipment post-op - -in event
of laryngeal edema or tetany, respiratory distress could result in airway
obstruction, emergency intubation may be difficult d/t laryngeal swelling
& endotracheal intubation may increase risk for hemorrhage by increasing
tension on incision during insertion
-a tracheostomy tray should be easily accessible
mechanical ventilation: low-pressure alarms - -either tubing has come
apart or pt has become disconnected from ventilator tubing, result of
malfunction or displacement of connections somewhere between
endotracheal or tracheostomy tube and ventilator (leak in ventilator
circuitry)
mech vent: high-pressure alarms - -increase in resistance each time
ventilator administers a breath to pt
-excessive airway secretions, decreased lung compliance
rheumatic endocarditis teaching - -preventing a reoccurrence of
rheumatic endocarditis is goal of notifying provider prior to invasive
surgery or dental procedures
-prophylactic antibiotics given prior to invasive/dental procedures d/t risk
of streptococci
ECG of electrolyte imbalances - -hypocalcemia: prolonged QT interval
-hypercalcemia: shortened QT interval
-hypokalemia: flattened T-waves & cardiac dysrhythmia
-hyperkalemia: widened QRS
hypocalcemia - tetany, cramps; paresthesia or numbness; abdominal
cramps; hypotension; dysrhythmias; trousseau's sign and chvostek's sign;
seizures, hyperreflexia; impaired clotting time
seizure precautions
lamotrigine - -antiepileptic drug: rash is 1st indication of Stevens-Johnson
syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis; can occur first 2-8 weeks of Tx-
report STAT
balanced skeletal traction - -offer diet high in fluids and fiber b/c
immobilized pt at risk for constipation
-provide pin care w/ one of following solutions: chlorhexidine, povidone-
iodine; half-strength hydrogen peroxide
doxycycline - tetracycline antibiotic; AE is photo-sensitivity
thrombocytopenia - PLT < 100,000 (normal is 150,000-450,000)increased
risk of bleeding; if IV being d/c apply pressure for at least 5 mins
-bleeding precautions; avoid IM injections
Diabetes insipidus - -polyuria, hypernatremia
Tx hypotonic sodium chloride and vasopressin/DDAVP
,ATI COMPREHENSIVE FINAL 2022
SIADH - hypervolemia, decreased sodium;
Tx fluid restriction, Na replacement w/ sodium chloride and IV lasix
anterior fontanel closes at.. - 18 months
8 months.. - sits unsupported, stranger anxiety
9 month - drinks well from a cup
12 months - says 2 words; has 6 teeth
amblyopia & strabismus - -amblyopia is disorder of eye in which unilateral
central blindness occurs as result of another condition such as
strabismus
-in strabismus, muscle weakness allows one eye to wander so child
cannot focus on an object w/ both eyes at same time. this confusion
causes brain to ignore signals from weak eye in favor of strong one, this
will result in central blindness if not treated by age of 6
-to strengthen weak eye muscle unaffected eye is patched
schizophrenia: appropriate activity - -walking w/ staff around gated
grounds
-encourage to participate in nonthreatening, noncompetitive physical
activities, provide opportunity for verbal interaction w/ health care team
member
situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery - type of refractive eye laser surgery
opthalmologists perform to correct myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism
which all common causes of nearsightedness; however many people
, ATI COMPREHENSIVE FINAL 2022
develop presbyopia (farsightedness) w/ age and may need reading glasses
despite having Lasik surgery
Asperger's syndrome - high functioning form of autism spectrum disorder,
typically child will have normal to high cognitive skills; a structured
environment can help to minimize problems experienced w/ sudden
schedule changes, socialization requirements and preference for
ritualistic behavior
subtotal thyroidectomy emergency bedside equipment post-op - -in event
of laryngeal edema or tetany, respiratory distress could result in airway
obstruction, emergency intubation may be difficult d/t laryngeal swelling
& endotracheal intubation may increase risk for hemorrhage by increasing
tension on incision during insertion
-a tracheostomy tray should be easily accessible
mechanical ventilation: low-pressure alarms - -either tubing has come
apart or pt has become disconnected from ventilator tubing, result of
malfunction or displacement of connections somewhere between
endotracheal or tracheostomy tube and ventilator (leak in ventilator
circuitry)
mech vent: high-pressure alarms - -increase in resistance each time
ventilator administers a breath to pt
-excessive airway secretions, decreased lung compliance
rheumatic endocarditis teaching - -preventing a reoccurrence of
rheumatic endocarditis is goal of notifying provider prior to invasive
surgery or dental procedures
-prophylactic antibiotics given prior to invasive/dental procedures d/t risk
of streptococci
