Chapter 37: Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the:
a.
Medulla c. Pyramids
b.
Cortex d. Columns
ANS: B
The cortex contains all the glomeruli and portions of the tubules of the kidneys. Although the
other options are also located in the kidney, they do not contain the glomeruli.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1320
2. What is the functional unit of the kidney called?
a.
Glomerulus c. Collecting duct
b.
Nephron d. Pyramid
ANS: B
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. Although the other options are also located in
the kidney, they are not its functional units.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1320
3. Which cells have phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and contract like smooth mus-
cles cells, thereby influencing the glomerular filtration rate?
a.
Principle cells c. Mesangial cells
b.
Podocin cells d. Intercalated cells
ANS: C
Mesangial cells and the mesangial matrix, secreted by mesangial cells, lie between and sup-
port the glomerular capillaries. Different mesangial cells contract like smooth muscle cells to
regulate glomerular capillary blood flow. They also have phagocytic properties similar to
monocytes. The other options are not capable of these functions.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1321
4. The only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the re-
absorptive surface area is called the:
a.
Proximal convoluted tubules c. Ascending loop of Henle
b.
Distal tubules d. Descending loop of Henle
ANS: A
The only surface inside the nephron where the cells are covered with microvilli (a brush bor-
der) is called the proximal convoluted tubules. This proximal convoluted tubular lumen con-
sists of one layer of cuboidal cells with a surface layer of microvilli that increases the reab-
sorptive surface area.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1322
5. What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?
, a.
Macula densa c. Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
b.
Visceral epithelium d. Filtration slits
ANS: C
Control of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion occur at the JGA.
To- gether, the juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa cells form the JGA. The control of
renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion is not directed by any of the
other op- tions.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1322
6. Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain referred to which
anatomical area?
a.
Vulva or penis c. Thighs
b.
Umbilicus d. Lower abdomen
ANS: B
Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain in the umbilicus. Sensory in-
nervation for the upper part of the ureter arises from the tenth thoracic nerve roots with re-
ferred pain to the umbilicus. The other options would not experience such referred pain.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1325
7. Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves?
a.
Peripheral nerves c. Sympathetic nervous system
b.
Parasympathetic fibers d. Tenth thoracic nerve roots
ANS: B
The innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by parasympathetic
fibers of the autonomic nervous system. The process is not dependent on any of the other
op- tions.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1326
8. How much urine accumulates in the bladder before the mechanoreceptors sense bladder full-
ness?
a. 75 to 100 ml c. 250 to 300 ml
b. 100 to 150 ml d. 350 to 400 ml
ANS: C
When the bladder accumulates 250 to 300 ml of urine, it contracts and the internal urethral
sphincter relaxes through activation of the spinal reflex arc (known as the micturition
reflex).
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1326
9. What is the trigone?
a.
A smooth muscle that comprises the orifice of the ureter
b.
The inner mucosal lining of the kidneys
c.
A smooth triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra
d.
One of the three divisions of the loop of Henle
ANS: C
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the:
a.
Medulla c. Pyramids
b.
Cortex d. Columns
ANS: B
The cortex contains all the glomeruli and portions of the tubules of the kidneys. Although the
other options are also located in the kidney, they do not contain the glomeruli.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1320
2. What is the functional unit of the kidney called?
a.
Glomerulus c. Collecting duct
b.
Nephron d. Pyramid
ANS: B
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney. Although the other options are also located in
the kidney, they are not its functional units.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1320
3. Which cells have phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and contract like smooth mus-
cles cells, thereby influencing the glomerular filtration rate?
a.
Principle cells c. Mesangial cells
b.
Podocin cells d. Intercalated cells
ANS: C
Mesangial cells and the mesangial matrix, secreted by mesangial cells, lie between and sup-
port the glomerular capillaries. Different mesangial cells contract like smooth muscle cells to
regulate glomerular capillary blood flow. They also have phagocytic properties similar to
monocytes. The other options are not capable of these functions.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1321
4. The only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the re-
absorptive surface area is called the:
a.
Proximal convoluted tubules c. Ascending loop of Henle
b.
Distal tubules d. Descending loop of Henle
ANS: A
The only surface inside the nephron where the cells are covered with microvilli (a brush bor-
der) is called the proximal convoluted tubules. This proximal convoluted tubular lumen con-
sists of one layer of cuboidal cells with a surface layer of microvilli that increases the reab-
sorptive surface area.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1322
5. What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion?
, a.
Macula densa c. Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
b.
Visceral epithelium d. Filtration slits
ANS: C
Control of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion occur at the JGA.
To- gether, the juxtaglomerular cells and macula densa cells form the JGA. The control of
renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion is not directed by any of the
other op- tions.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1322
6. Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain referred to which
anatomical area?
a.
Vulva or penis c. Thighs
b.
Umbilicus d. Lower abdomen
ANS: B
Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain in the umbilicus. Sensory in-
nervation for the upper part of the ureter arises from the tenth thoracic nerve roots with re-
ferred pain to the umbilicus. The other options would not experience such referred pain.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1325
7. Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves?
a.
Peripheral nerves c. Sympathetic nervous system
b.
Parasympathetic fibers d. Tenth thoracic nerve roots
ANS: B
The innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by parasympathetic
fibers of the autonomic nervous system. The process is not dependent on any of the other
op- tions.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1326
8. How much urine accumulates in the bladder before the mechanoreceptors sense bladder full-
ness?
a. 75 to 100 ml c. 250 to 300 ml
b. 100 to 150 ml d. 350 to 400 ml
ANS: C
When the bladder accumulates 250 to 300 ml of urine, it contracts and the internal urethral
sphincter relaxes through activation of the spinal reflex arc (known as the micturition
reflex).
PTS: 1 REF: Page 1326
9. What is the trigone?
a.
A smooth muscle that comprises the orifice of the ureter
b.
The inner mucosal lining of the kidneys
c.
A smooth triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra
d.
One of the three divisions of the loop of Henle
ANS: C
