Chapter 24: Alterations of the Female Reproductive System
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by:
a.
Disruption in the hypothalamus c. Deficit in estrogen or testosterone
b.
Disruption of the pituitary d. Physiologic hormonal delays
ANS: D
In 95% of children with delayed puberty, the delay is physiologic; that is, hormonal levels are
normal and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is intact, but maturation is slowly
happening. This option is the only answer that accurately describes the most common cause of
delayed puberty.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 802
2. What is the first sign of puberty in girls?
a.
Breast enlargement c. Menstruation
b.
Growth of pubic hair d. Vaginal discharge
ANS: A
Of the options available, the first sign of puberty in girls is usually thelarche or breast devel-
opment.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 802
3. Which type of precocious puberty causes the child to develop some secondary sex characteris-
tics of the opposite sex?
a.
Mixed c. Isosexual
b.
Incomplete d. Homosexual
ANS: A
Mixed precocious puberty, which is virilization of a girl or feminization of a boy, causes the
child to develop some secondary sex characteristics of the opposite sex. This option is the
only answer that accurately identifies the type of precocious puberty described.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 804
4. The release of which chemical mediator causes primary dysmenorrhea?
a.
Leukotrienes c. Bradykinin
b.
Prostaglandins d. C-reactive protein
ANS: B
Primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins
in ovulatory cycles. This option is the only answer that accurately identifies the chemical
media- tor associated with dysmenorrhea.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 804
5. Considering the pathophysiologic characteristics of primary amenorrhea, what anatomic struc-
ture is involved in compartment II?
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, a.
Ovary c. Hypothalamus
b.
Anterior pituitary d. Vagina
ANS: A
Compartment II disorders involve only the ovary.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 805
6. Considering the pathophysiologic characteristics of primary amenorrhea, what anatomic struc-
ture is involved in compartment IV?
a.
Vagina c. Ovary
b.
Hypothalamus d. Anterior pituitary
ANS: B
Of the options available, only compartment IV disorders include central nervous system
(CNS) conditions, in particular hypothalamic disorders.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 805
7. Which condition is considered a clinical cause of amenorrhea?
a.
Disorder in the endometrium c. Lack of physical exercise
b.
Obstruction of the fallopian tubes d. Failure to ovulate
ANS: D
Depressed ovarian hormone levels, which are associated with a variety of clinical disorders,
also cause amenorrhea by preventing ovulation. This option is the only answer that accurately
identifies a clinical cause of cycle irregularities.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 807
8. Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots,
and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis?
a.
Premenstrual syndrome c. Polycystic ovary syndrome
b.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding d. Primary dysmenorrhea
ANS: B
Unpredictable and variable bleeding, in terms of amount and duration, characterize dysfunc-
tional uterine bleeding. Especially during perimenopause, dysfunctional bleeding also may in-
volve flooding and the passage of large clots, which often indicate excessive blood loss. Ex-
cessive bleeding can lead to iron-deficiency anemia. This option is the only answer that
demonstrates the clinical manifestations described.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 809
9. What statement concerning the pathogenetic mechanisms of polycystic ovarian syndrome
(POS) is true?
a.
POS causes a decrease in leptin levels; this decrease reduces the hypothalamic pul-
satility of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which reduces the number of follicles
that mature.
b.
POS is a result of a disorder in the anterior pituitary that increases the follicle-stim-
ulating hormone, which reduces the luteinizing hormone released.
c.
POS is a result of a combination of conditions that include oligo-ovulation or
This study source was downloaded by 100000817935606 from CourseHero.com on 03-01-2022 05:53:34 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/9809528/CH24/
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused by:
a.
Disruption in the hypothalamus c. Deficit in estrogen or testosterone
b.
Disruption of the pituitary d. Physiologic hormonal delays
ANS: D
In 95% of children with delayed puberty, the delay is physiologic; that is, hormonal levels are
normal and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is intact, but maturation is slowly
happening. This option is the only answer that accurately describes the most common cause of
delayed puberty.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 802
2. What is the first sign of puberty in girls?
a.
Breast enlargement c. Menstruation
b.
Growth of pubic hair d. Vaginal discharge
ANS: A
Of the options available, the first sign of puberty in girls is usually thelarche or breast devel-
opment.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 802
3. Which type of precocious puberty causes the child to develop some secondary sex characteris-
tics of the opposite sex?
a.
Mixed c. Isosexual
b.
Incomplete d. Homosexual
ANS: A
Mixed precocious puberty, which is virilization of a girl or feminization of a boy, causes the
child to develop some secondary sex characteristics of the opposite sex. This option is the
only answer that accurately identifies the type of precocious puberty described.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 804
4. The release of which chemical mediator causes primary dysmenorrhea?
a.
Leukotrienes c. Bradykinin
b.
Prostaglandins d. C-reactive protein
ANS: B
Primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins
in ovulatory cycles. This option is the only answer that accurately identifies the chemical
media- tor associated with dysmenorrhea.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 804
5. Considering the pathophysiologic characteristics of primary amenorrhea, what anatomic struc-
ture is involved in compartment II?
This study source was downloaded by 100000817935606 from CourseHero.com on 03-01-2022 05:53:34 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/9809528/CH24/
, a.
Ovary c. Hypothalamus
b.
Anterior pituitary d. Vagina
ANS: A
Compartment II disorders involve only the ovary.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 805
6. Considering the pathophysiologic characteristics of primary amenorrhea, what anatomic struc-
ture is involved in compartment IV?
a.
Vagina c. Ovary
b.
Hypothalamus d. Anterior pituitary
ANS: B
Of the options available, only compartment IV disorders include central nervous system
(CNS) conditions, in particular hypothalamic disorders.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 805
7. Which condition is considered a clinical cause of amenorrhea?
a.
Disorder in the endometrium c. Lack of physical exercise
b.
Obstruction of the fallopian tubes d. Failure to ovulate
ANS: D
Depressed ovarian hormone levels, which are associated with a variety of clinical disorders,
also cause amenorrhea by preventing ovulation. This option is the only answer that accurately
identifies a clinical cause of cycle irregularities.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 807
8. Clinical manifestations that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of large clots,
and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis?
a.
Premenstrual syndrome c. Polycystic ovary syndrome
b.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding d. Primary dysmenorrhea
ANS: B
Unpredictable and variable bleeding, in terms of amount and duration, characterize dysfunc-
tional uterine bleeding. Especially during perimenopause, dysfunctional bleeding also may in-
volve flooding and the passage of large clots, which often indicate excessive blood loss. Ex-
cessive bleeding can lead to iron-deficiency anemia. This option is the only answer that
demonstrates the clinical manifestations described.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 809
9. What statement concerning the pathogenetic mechanisms of polycystic ovarian syndrome
(POS) is true?
a.
POS causes a decrease in leptin levels; this decrease reduces the hypothalamic pul-
satility of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which reduces the number of follicles
that mature.
b.
POS is a result of a disorder in the anterior pituitary that increases the follicle-stim-
ulating hormone, which reduces the luteinizing hormone released.
c.
POS is a result of a combination of conditions that include oligo-ovulation or
This study source was downloaded by 100000817935606 from CourseHero.com on 03-01-2022 05:53:34 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/9809528/CH24/
