Final Exam – Study Guide
Definitions/Descriptions
Describe the type of lesions found in psoriasis & seborrheic and actinic keratosis.
Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
Describe the skin lesions found in Varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles).
Elevated circumscribed, superficial lesion filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter
Describe the pathogenetic mechanism of polycystic ovarian syndrome (POS).
POS has at least two of the following conditions: oligo-ovulation or anovulation, elevated lev-
els of androgens, or clinical signs of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. Of the options
available, only this answer accurately defines the pathogenetic mechanisms of POS.
Describe Hirschsprung’s disease.
Congenital aganglionic megacolon. Mechanical obstruction caused by inadequate motility of part
of the intestine, Accounts for ¼ of all cases of neonatal obstruction, Associated with Down’s
syndrome, May be acute, life-threatening, or chronic. Absence of ganglion cells in 1 or more
segments of the colon, Affects the distal portion ofStool accumulates the GI tract, Lack of
enervation produces the functional defects that results in absence of peristalsis, Sphincter fails to
relax, Results in obstruction due to failure of evacuation of stool, gas, & liquids, Enterocolitis
occurs.
Define marasmus and kwashiorkor.
Marasmus – Severe wasting, < 70% or <3SD weight/height , No obvious pathology, Looks very
skinny.
Kwashiorkor- Severe malnutrition with the presence of edema, Multiple pathologies, Looks
pudgy.
Define deafferentation pain.
Type of centrally generated neuropathic pain, injury to either the peripheral or central nervous
system
Describe myofascial pain syndrome.
An acute or chronic painful condition of muscles and their related structures characterized by the
presence of myofascial trigger points regional muscle pain syndrome of any soft tissue origin
that is associated with muscle tenderness
Describe Koplik spots.
, Describe neuropathic pain.
Indicates pain that doesn’t not adhere to typical phases inherent in nociceptive pain on a deeper
level.
Describe ?rticarial as seen in an allergic reaction.
The smooth, raised red lesions with central blanching that occur because of vasodilation of the
capillaries during an allergic reaction
What is a varicocele?
Dilation of the vein that drains the testes, scrotum feels warm, left side of the scrotum; #1 cause
of sterility today
Describe the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis.
Alteration in function of CFTR channel.
Respiratory tract
Thick mucus impairs mucociliary function
Recurrent pulmonary infections
Acute bronchitis
Pneumonia
Chronic inflammatory state
Airway restriction
Fibrosis/Scarring
Bronchiectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Cycle of progression – one thing leads to another
Describe Raynaud’s disease.
Vasospastics disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities. attacks of
vasospasm in the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers and, less commonly, of the toes
characterize Raynaud phenomenon and Raynaud disease and is the only option that actually
describe.
What medical term is used to identify an inflammatory disorder of the skin that is often
considered synonymous with dermatitis and characterized by pruritus with lesions that have an
indistinct border?
The most common inflammatory disorder of the skin is eczema, or dermatitis. Eczema and
dermatitis are general terms that describe a particular type of inflammatory response in the
skinÑthese terms can be used interchangeably. Pruritus, lesions with indistinct borders, and
epidermal changes generally characterize diseases that are considered eczematous. Of the
available options, only eczema is associated with these characteristics
Definitions/Descriptions
Describe the type of lesions found in psoriasis & seborrheic and actinic keratosis.
Elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter
Describe the skin lesions found in Varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles).
Elevated circumscribed, superficial lesion filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter
Describe the pathogenetic mechanism of polycystic ovarian syndrome (POS).
POS has at least two of the following conditions: oligo-ovulation or anovulation, elevated lev-
els of androgens, or clinical signs of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. Of the options
available, only this answer accurately defines the pathogenetic mechanisms of POS.
Describe Hirschsprung’s disease.
Congenital aganglionic megacolon. Mechanical obstruction caused by inadequate motility of part
of the intestine, Accounts for ¼ of all cases of neonatal obstruction, Associated with Down’s
syndrome, May be acute, life-threatening, or chronic. Absence of ganglion cells in 1 or more
segments of the colon, Affects the distal portion ofStool accumulates the GI tract, Lack of
enervation produces the functional defects that results in absence of peristalsis, Sphincter fails to
relax, Results in obstruction due to failure of evacuation of stool, gas, & liquids, Enterocolitis
occurs.
Define marasmus and kwashiorkor.
Marasmus – Severe wasting, < 70% or <3SD weight/height , No obvious pathology, Looks very
skinny.
Kwashiorkor- Severe malnutrition with the presence of edema, Multiple pathologies, Looks
pudgy.
Define deafferentation pain.
Type of centrally generated neuropathic pain, injury to either the peripheral or central nervous
system
Describe myofascial pain syndrome.
An acute or chronic painful condition of muscles and their related structures characterized by the
presence of myofascial trigger points regional muscle pain syndrome of any soft tissue origin
that is associated with muscle tenderness
Describe Koplik spots.
, Describe neuropathic pain.
Indicates pain that doesn’t not adhere to typical phases inherent in nociceptive pain on a deeper
level.
Describe ?rticarial as seen in an allergic reaction.
The smooth, raised red lesions with central blanching that occur because of vasodilation of the
capillaries during an allergic reaction
What is a varicocele?
Dilation of the vein that drains the testes, scrotum feels warm, left side of the scrotum; #1 cause
of sterility today
Describe the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis.
Alteration in function of CFTR channel.
Respiratory tract
Thick mucus impairs mucociliary function
Recurrent pulmonary infections
Acute bronchitis
Pneumonia
Chronic inflammatory state
Airway restriction
Fibrosis/Scarring
Bronchiectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Cycle of progression – one thing leads to another
Describe Raynaud’s disease.
Vasospastics disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and lower extremities. attacks of
vasospasm in the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers and, less commonly, of the toes
characterize Raynaud phenomenon and Raynaud disease and is the only option that actually
describe.
What medical term is used to identify an inflammatory disorder of the skin that is often
considered synonymous with dermatitis and characterized by pruritus with lesions that have an
indistinct border?
The most common inflammatory disorder of the skin is eczema, or dermatitis. Eczema and
dermatitis are general terms that describe a particular type of inflammatory response in the
skinÑthese terms can be used interchangeably. Pruritus, lesions with indistinct borders, and
epidermal changes generally characterize diseases that are considered eczematous. Of the
available options, only eczema is associated with these characteristics
