Nursing 101 Chapter 45 Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children Test Bank

Chapter 45: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Until the skeleton matures and adult stature is reached, where does growth in the length
of bone occur?
a.
Epiphyseal line c. Epiphyseal cartilage
b.
Physeal plate d. Metaphyseal plate

ANS: B
Until the skeleton matures and adult stature is reached, growth in the length of bone occurs
only at the physeal plate through endochondral ossification.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 1592

2. Which skeletal deformity is normal at birth but generally disappears by 21/2 years of age?
a.
Genu varum (bowleg) c. Equinovarus (clubfoot)
b.
Genu valgum (knock knee) d. Pes planus (flat feet)

ANS: A
Genu varum (bowleg) generally resolves itself by 21/2 years of age, whereas genu valgum
(knock knee) maximizes by 5 to 6 years of age. This statement is not true of either equino-
varus or pes planus.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 1593

3. The total mass of muscle in the body can be estimated from which serum laboratory
test value?
a.
Albumin c. Creatinine
b.
Blood urea nitrogen d. Creatine

ANS: C
Of the options available, the total mass of muscle in the body can be estimated from the
amount of creatinine excreted in the urine, because the conversion of creatine to creatinine
only takes place in muscle.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 1593

4. What is the most common congenital skeletal defect of the upper extremity?
a.
Vestigial tabs c. Rickets
b.
Paget disease d. Syndactyly

ANS: D
The most common congenital skeletal defect of the upper extremity is syndactyly, or webbing
of the fingers.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 1593

5. What diagnosis is given when the infantÕs hip maintains contact with the acetabulum but
is not well seated within the hip joint?
a.
Dislocatable hip c. Dislocated hip

, b.
Subluxated hip d. Subluxable hip

ANS: B
Subluxated hip is the only option used to identify the condition when the hip maintains con-
tact with the acetabulum but is not well seated within the hip joint.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 1594

6. Which sign or symptom is a very late indication of developmental dysplasia of the hip?
a.
Asymmetry of the gluteal or thigh folds
b.
Leg-length discrepancy
c.
Waddling gait
d.
Pain
ANS: D
Signs and symptoms of developmental dysplasia of the hip that should be noted include pain
very late in the process. This statement is not true of the other options.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 1595

7. Which serum laboratory test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfecta?
a.
Phosphorus c. Alkaline phosphatase
b.
Calcium d. Total protein

ANS: C
Of the available options, serum alkaline phosphatase is elevated in all forms of the disease.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 1598

8. The failure of bones to ossify, resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformity,
characterizes which disorder?
a.
Osteogenesis imperfecta c. Osteochondrosis
b.
Rickets d. Legg-CalvŽ-Perthes disease

ANS: B
Of the available options, only rickets is a disorder in which growing bone fails to become
mineralized (ossified) and results in soft bones and skeletal deformity.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 1599

9. An insufficient dietary intake of which vitamin can lead to rickets in children?
a.
C c. B6
b.
B12 d. D
ANS: D
Rickets results from either insufficient vitamin D, insensitivity to vitamin D, wasting of vita-
min D by the kidney, or inability to absorb vitamin D and calcium in the gut. Vitamin D is the
only vitamin associated with rickets.

PTS: 1 REF: Pages 1599-1600