Chapter 26: Sexually Transmitted Infections
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What unique factor causes adolescent girls to have a high risk for sexually transmitted infec-
tions (STIs)?
a.
They are in an experimental phase with sexual intercourse and believe they are re-
sistant to developing STIs.
b.
The adolescent cervix is immature and lacks immunity.
c.
The length of the vaginal canal is short in adolescents, allowing a greater concen-
tration of microorganisms within the internal genitalia.
d.
In adolescent girls, the anus to the vaginal introitus are in close proximity.
ANS: B
Partly, perhaps, because of risk-taking behavior (unprotected intercourse or selection of high-
risk partners), many adolescents have an increased risk for STI exposure and infection. The
unique factor for adolescent women is that they have a physiologically increased susceptibil-
ity to infection because of increased cervical immaturity and lack of immunity. The remaining
options are not considered legitimate risk factors for STIs.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 918-919
2. How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus?
a.
Unbound in the blood via the placenta
b.
Attached to immunoglobulin G (IgG) via the placenta
c.
Across amniotic membranes by the direct inoculation with the fetal scalp elec-
trodes during labor monitoring
d.
Predominately through infected cervical and secretions during the birth process
ANS: D
A pregnant woman can transmit gonorrhea to her fetus during the birth process. The infection
passes from mother to child predominately through infected cervical and vaginal secretions.
The transmission is not associated with the other options.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 920
3. Which statement is false about the factors that facilitate the ascent of gonococci into the uterus
and fallopian tubes?
a.
Ascent of gonococci is facilitated because the cervical plug disintegrates
during menstruation.
b.
Ascent of gonococci is facilitated because the vaginal pH decreases to 2 or 3.
c.
Ascent of gonococci is facilitated because the uterine contractions may cause retro-
grade menstruation into the fallopian tubes.
d.
Ascent of gonococci is facilitated because the bacteria may adhere to sperm and
be transported to the fallopian tubes.
ANS: B
, Several factors can facilitate the ascent of gonococci into the uterus and the fallopian tubes,
where they cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Among these factors are (1) disintegra-
tion of the cervical mucous plug and (2) a rise in vaginal pH greater than 4.5 during menstrua-
tion. The other options are accurate statements.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 921
4. In women, what is the usual site of original gonococcal infection?
a.
Endocervical canal c. Fallopian tube
b.
Vagina d. Labia majora
ANS: A
In women, the endocervical canal (inner portion of the cervix) is the usual site of original
gonococcal infection, although urethral colonization and infection of Skene or Bartholin
glands also are common. The other options are not usually associated with gonococcal infec-
tions.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 921
5. What is the primary site for uncomplicated local gonococci infections in men?
a.
Epididymis c. Urethra
b.
Lymph nodes d. Prostate
ANS: C
Uncomplicated local infections are observed primarily as urethral infections in men.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 921
6. What local complication of a gonococcal infection is diagnosed in approximately 10% of af-
fected women?
a.
Acute salpingitis c. Vaginitis
b.
Cystitis d. Cervicitis
ANS: A
Acute salpingitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), is the most common local complica-
tion in women. Approximately 10% of women with untreated cervical gonorrhea develop
PID.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 921
7. Which laboratory test is considered adequate for an accurate and reliable diagnosis of gono-
coccal urethritis in a symptomatic man?
a.
Ligase chain reaction (LCR) c. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b.
Gram-stain technique d. DNA testing
ANS: B
Microscopic evaluation of Gram-stained slides of clinical specimens is deemed positive for
Neisseria gonorrhoeae if gram-negative diplococci with the typical Òkidney beanÓ morpho-
logic appearance are found inside polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Such a finding is considered
adequate for the diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man. The other options
are not relevant to the diagnosis of this condition.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What unique factor causes adolescent girls to have a high risk for sexually transmitted infec-
tions (STIs)?
a.
They are in an experimental phase with sexual intercourse and believe they are re-
sistant to developing STIs.
b.
The adolescent cervix is immature and lacks immunity.
c.
The length of the vaginal canal is short in adolescents, allowing a greater concen-
tration of microorganisms within the internal genitalia.
d.
In adolescent girls, the anus to the vaginal introitus are in close proximity.
ANS: B
Partly, perhaps, because of risk-taking behavior (unprotected intercourse or selection of high-
risk partners), many adolescents have an increased risk for STI exposure and infection. The
unique factor for adolescent women is that they have a physiologically increased susceptibil-
ity to infection because of increased cervical immaturity and lack of immunity. The remaining
options are not considered legitimate risk factors for STIs.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 918-919
2. How is gonorrhea transmitted from a pregnant woman to her fetus?
a.
Unbound in the blood via the placenta
b.
Attached to immunoglobulin G (IgG) via the placenta
c.
Across amniotic membranes by the direct inoculation with the fetal scalp elec-
trodes during labor monitoring
d.
Predominately through infected cervical and secretions during the birth process
ANS: D
A pregnant woman can transmit gonorrhea to her fetus during the birth process. The infection
passes from mother to child predominately through infected cervical and vaginal secretions.
The transmission is not associated with the other options.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 920
3. Which statement is false about the factors that facilitate the ascent of gonococci into the uterus
and fallopian tubes?
a.
Ascent of gonococci is facilitated because the cervical plug disintegrates
during menstruation.
b.
Ascent of gonococci is facilitated because the vaginal pH decreases to 2 or 3.
c.
Ascent of gonococci is facilitated because the uterine contractions may cause retro-
grade menstruation into the fallopian tubes.
d.
Ascent of gonococci is facilitated because the bacteria may adhere to sperm and
be transported to the fallopian tubes.
ANS: B
, Several factors can facilitate the ascent of gonococci into the uterus and the fallopian tubes,
where they cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Among these factors are (1) disintegra-
tion of the cervical mucous plug and (2) a rise in vaginal pH greater than 4.5 during menstrua-
tion. The other options are accurate statements.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 921
4. In women, what is the usual site of original gonococcal infection?
a.
Endocervical canal c. Fallopian tube
b.
Vagina d. Labia majora
ANS: A
In women, the endocervical canal (inner portion of the cervix) is the usual site of original
gonococcal infection, although urethral colonization and infection of Skene or Bartholin
glands also are common. The other options are not usually associated with gonococcal infec-
tions.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 921
5. What is the primary site for uncomplicated local gonococci infections in men?
a.
Epididymis c. Urethra
b.
Lymph nodes d. Prostate
ANS: C
Uncomplicated local infections are observed primarily as urethral infections in men.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 921
6. What local complication of a gonococcal infection is diagnosed in approximately 10% of af-
fected women?
a.
Acute salpingitis c. Vaginitis
b.
Cystitis d. Cervicitis
ANS: A
Acute salpingitis, or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), is the most common local complica-
tion in women. Approximately 10% of women with untreated cervical gonorrhea develop
PID.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 921
7. Which laboratory test is considered adequate for an accurate and reliable diagnosis of gono-
coccal urethritis in a symptomatic man?
a.
Ligase chain reaction (LCR) c. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
b.
Gram-stain technique d. DNA testing
ANS: B
Microscopic evaluation of Gram-stained slides of clinical specimens is deemed positive for
Neisseria gonorrhoeae if gram-negative diplococci with the typical Òkidney beanÓ morpho-
logic appearance are found inside polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Such a finding is considered
adequate for the diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man. The other options
are not relevant to the diagnosis of this condition.
