Psychopharmacology Drugs the Brain and Behavior 3rd Edition Meyer Test Bank

Test Bank to accompany Psychopharmacology, Third Edition Meyer • Quenzer Chapter 1: Principles of Pharmacology Multiple Choice 1. refer(s) to specific molecular changes that occur when a drug binds to a particular target site or receptor, while are the resulting widespread alterations in function. a. Drug action; therapeutic effects b. Side effects; drug effects c. Therapeutic effects; side effects d. Drug action; drug effects Answer: d Textbook Reference: Pharmacology: The Science of Drug Action 2. After drug administration has occurred, the amount of drug in the blood that is free to bind at specific target sites is referred to as a. the therapeutic dose. b. first-pass effects. c. bioavailability. d. ED50. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 3. The specific molecular changes that occur when a drug binds to a particular target site or receptor are referred to as a. drug effects. b. drug action. c. side effects. d. placebo effects. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Pharmacology: The Science of Drug Action 4. Which of the following is not a possible explanation for placebo effects? a. Pavlovian conditioning b. Genetic variation c. Drug competition d. Expectation of outcome Answer: c Textbook Reference: Pharmacology: The Science of Drug Action WWW.THENURSINGMASTERY.COM Page 2 of 247 5. The administration of oxytocin has been proposed as a treatment for autism. a. intravenous b. oral c. intranasal d. intracerebral Answer: c Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 6. Which factor does not affect the pharmacokinetics of a drug? a. Route of administration b. Lipid solubility c. Depot binding d. Drug action Answer: d Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 7. First-pass metabolism occurs when drugs are taken a. orally. b. intravenously. c. subcutaneously. d. nasally. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 8. The area postrema is one area in the brain where the is not complete. a. cerebrospinal fluid b. blood–brain barrier c. choroid plexus d. phospholipid membrane Answer: b Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 9. First-pass metabolism occurs with orally administered drugs because a. their absorption is slowed by food. b. drugs absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach go to the liver on the way to general circulation. c. drugs must first survive the acidic environment of the stomach. d. salivary enzymes in the mouth begin the process of metabolism. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 10. Toxic substances in the blood trigger a vomiting response by activating the a. blood–brain barrier. b. choroid plexus. c. area postrema. d. median eminence. WWW.THENURSINGMASTERY.COM Page 3 of 247 Answer: c Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 11. Drugs administered _ have the most rapid onset of action. a. subcutaneously b. intramuscularly c. orally d. intravenously Answer: d Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 12. Ionization of a drug depends on the of the solution and the of the drug. a. pH; pKa b. pKa; pH c. concentration; lipid solubility d. pH; concentration Answer: a Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 13. The absorption of a drug depends on all of the following except a. lipid solubility. b. ionization. c. body temperature. d. the concentration of the drug. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 14. Drugs that are should be avoided by women of childbearing age. a. teratogenic b. able to cross the placental barrier c. psychoactive d. highly lipid-soluble Answer: a Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 15. Agents that induce developmental abnormalities in a fetus are known as a. psychoactive drugs. b. illicit drugs. c. teratogens. d. placental drugs. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 16. Depot binding is said to occur when drugs a. bind to their target sites. WWW.THENURSINGMASTERY.COM Page 4 of 247 b. bind to inactive sites. c. compete for binding sites. d. are excreted before binding. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 17. Which statement about depot binding is false? a. It reduces the concentration of drug at its site of action. b. It may delay the onset of drug action. c. It may prolong drug action by disrupting normal metabolism. d. It increases the concentration of drug at its site of action by releasing large quantities at once. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 18. Drug metabolism mostly occurs in the and usually makes a drug more soluble. a. kidneys; fat b. liver; fat c. liver; water d. kidneys; water Answer: c Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 19. Which statement about drug clearance by first-order kinetics is false? a. Molecules of a drug are cleared at a constant rate regardless of drug concentration. b. Molecules of a drug are cleared at an exponential rate. c. A constant fraction of the free drug in the blood is removed in each time interval. d. Clearance of most drugs occurs in this manner. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 20. Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) is an example of a drug that is eliminated a. by first-order kinetics. b. by zero-order kinetics. c. by second-order kinetics. d. at the point that six half-lives have passed. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 21. Biotransformation of drugs in the liver often occurs in two stages; phase I changes are and include . a. nonsynthetic; conjugation b. synthetic; conjugation c. nonsynthetic; oxidation d. synthetic; oxidation WWW.THENURSINGMASTERY.COM Page 5 of 247 Answer: c Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 22. Biotransformation of drugs can result in the formation of , which enter the circulation and cause . a. inactive metabolites; sensitization b. active metabolites; prolonged drug action c. active metabolites; tolerance d. enzymes; tolerance Answer: b Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 23. Which statement about water-soluble metabolites formed in the liver is false? a. They may return to the circulation and act on target tissues. b. They may be filtered out by the kidneys. c. They may be excreted into bile. d. They may be eliminated with the feces. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 24. Which statement about microsomal enzymes in the liver is false? a. They are highly specific and act only on certain compounds. b. They are located on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. c. The cytochrome P450 family is one of the most important. d. They can metabolize toxins and environmental pollutants as well as drugs. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 25. Repeated use of many psychoactive drugs can cause , which can speed up the rate of biotransformation of these drugs as well as others. a. drug competition b. enzyme inhibition c. enzyme induction d. tolerance Answer: c Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 26. Due to , antidepressants known as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) can cause cardiac arrhythmias and high blood pressure in patients that consume foods high in tyramine. a. sensitization b. tolerance c. drug competition d. enzyme inhibition Answer: d Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action WWW.THENURSINGMASTERY.COM Page 6 of 247 27. While drugs can be excreted from the body by several routes, the most important route of elimination is through the a. breath. b. sweat. c. feces. d. urine. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 28. The liver and kidneys work together to _ and drugs, respectively. a. metabolize; excrete b. excrete; metabolize c. bind; metabolize d. absorb; excrete Answer: a Textbook Reference: Pharmacokinetic Factors Determining Drug Action 29. For drugs that have a narrow therapeutic window or potentially serious side effects, therapeutic drug monitoring uses to determine the optimum dosage for a new patient. a. body temperature b. urine testing c. brain scans d. blood sampling Answer: d Textbook Reference: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring 30. While pharmacokinetics describes how the body deals with drugs, describes how drug molecules interact with their targets. a. drug effect b. pharmacodynamics c. antagonist action d. agonist action Answer: b Textbook Reference: Pharmacodynamics: Drug–Receptor Interactions 31. In order for a drug to have an effect, it must first bind to a a. ligand. b. depot site. c. receptor. d. neurotransmitter. Answer: c Textbook Reference: Pharmacodynamics: Drug–Receptor Interactions 32. Most drugs and neurotransmitters act upon WWW.THENURSINGMASTERY.COM Page 7 of 247 a. intracellular receptors. b. membrane-bound receptors. c. protein synthesis. d. second messengers. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Pharmacodynamics: Drug–Receptor Interactions 33. While most receptors are membrane-bound on the cell surface, many receptors are intracellular. a. drug; neurotransmitter b. hormone; drug c. neurotransmitter; hormone d. agonist; antagonist Answer: c Textbook Reference: Pharmacodynamics: Drug–Receptor Interactions 34. Ligands that have no effect on a receptor after binding are called a. antagonists. b. agonists. c. neurotransmitters. d. null ligands. Answer: a Textbook Reference: Pharmacodynamics: Drug–Receptor Interactions 35. Both agonists and antagonists have but only agonists have appreciable . a. interactions; affinity b. affinity; bioavailability c. efficacy; affinity d. affinity; efficacy Answer: d Textbook Reference: Pharmacodynamics: Drug–Receptor Interactions 36. A dose–response curve shows that noncompetitive antagonists alter both the and the of the agonist, while competitive antagonists alter only the . a. potency; efficacy; potency b. bioavailability; metabolism; bioavailability c. efficacy; potency; efficacy d. depot binding; metabolism; metabolism Answer: a Textbook Reference: Pharmacodynamics: Drug–Receptor Interactions 37. In the dose–response curve, a decrease in potency is indicated by a shift a. to the left. b. to the right. c. upward. WWW.THENURSINGMASTERY.COM Page 8 of 247 d. downward. Answer: b Textbook Reference: Pharmacodynamics: Drug–Receptor Interactions 38. Which of the following describes the interaction of two drugs when the combined drug effects are greater than would be predicted from that combination? a. Addictive effects b. Physiological antagonism c. Potentiation d. Tolerance Answer: c Textbook Reference: Pharmacodynamics: Drug–Receptor Interactions 39. After chronic use, the need to administer more of a drug to achieve the same drug effect is known as a. sensitization. b. antagonism. c. potentiation. d. tolerance. Answer: d Textbook Reference: Biobehavioral Effects of Chronic Drug Use 40. Which factor does not cause tolerance? a. Conditioning b. Increased activity of liver enzymes c. Down-regulation of receptors d. Decreased kidney function Answer: d Textbook Reference: Biobehavioral Effects of Chronic Drug Use 41. Sensitization is most often seen with which class of drugs? a. Barbiturates b. Psychomotor stimulants c. Opiates d. Hallucinogens Answer: b Textbook Reference: Biobehavioral Effects of Chronic Drug Use 42. tolerance occurs as a result of cellular adaptation to the presence of a specific drug. a. Cross b. Drug disposition c. Pharmacodynamic d. Behavioral Answer: c Textbook Reference: Biobehavioral Effects of Chronic Drug Use WWW.