GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 FALL 2017-LENTZ EXAM 1

BE SURE TO (1 point): • Bubble in your n# GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 FALL 2017-LENTZ EXAM 1 • Bubble in the test form (last page) • Read all questions carefully 1. Humans are eukaryotes. A. True B. False 2. Which statement is not a component of the cell theory? A. The earliest cells had no nucleus. B. All organisms are made of cells. C. All cells come from pre-existing cells. D. All of the above are components of the cell theory. 3. Which of the following is not a property of life? A. Living things have the ability to store and use information. B. Living things have the ability to create energy. C. Living things are composed of cells. D. Living things undergo evolutionary adaptation. E. Living things have the ability to replicate. 4. There are some individuals in the human population that have heritable traits that make them resistant to HIV (the AIDS virus) infection. In central Africa, where HIV infection rates are high, humans must be evolving. A. True B. False 5. Pasteur's results from his swan-neck flask experiments showed that: A. With enough time, any sterile environment will become contaminated with cells. B. When growth medium is not contaminated by pre-existing cells, the growth medium remains sterile. C. When growth medium is not contaminated by pre-existing cells, cells still grow there. 6. Which choice is an example of artificial selection? A. The long neck of a giraffe. B. Unique breeds of dogs. C. Ants trying to find their nest while walking on stilts. D. All of the above result from artificial selection. 7. You have isolated and purified a new species of single-celled organism from Lake Okeechobee and you want to place this new species in the appropriate branch of the tree of life. You sequence the ribosomal RNA genes from these cells and discover that for one particular region of the ribosomal gene (the rRNA) the RNA sequence is AAUGAAGG. You have sequences from the same region of the ribosomal genes from each of these organisms: bacteria, eukaryote, and archaea, which are listed below. bacteria AUAGAUGG eukaryote AAAGAAGG archaea AAUGGAGU Based on these sequence results, to which branch of the tree of life should you assign your new organism? A. Archaea B. Bacteria C. Bacteria and archaea D. Eukaryote E. There is not enough information 8. Sarah and Todd go to a new restaurant and do not like the food they are served. Their hypothesis is that if they go to the restaurant again, they will not like the food. If they continue to follow the scientific method, what should they do next? A. Never go near the restaurant again and tell all their friends to avoid it. B. Go back to the restaurant several times and order different items. C. Survey other customers to see if they like the food. D. Call the city health inspectors and suggest they inspect the restaurant. E. Get some friends to go to the restaurant and order what Sarah and Todd didn’t like. 9. In an experiment, investigators try to control all of the variables except one—the one that tests the hypothesis. Which of the following reasons is the primary rationale for controlling variables in an experiment? A. To enable investigators to repeat the test. B. To eliminate alternative explanations for the results of an experiment. C. To reduce statistical reliability. D. To create a control group. 10. One ml (milliliter) of an experimental drug diluted in a saline (salt) solution is injected into 20 pregnant mice to determine possible drug side effects. Which of the following is a suitable "control" for this experiment? A. 20 male mice injected with 1 ml of saline. B. 20 male mice injected with 1 ml of the drug. C. 20 pregnant mice injected with 1 ml of saline. D. 20 non-pregnant mice injected with 1 ml of the drug. 11. Which of the following is not an example of potential energy? A. Gas pressure in an unopened can of soft drink. B. Sound. C. Covalent bonds in glucose. D. A stretched rubber band. 12. The proper term used to describe disorder in energy transformations is . A. entropy B. free energy C. thermodynamics D. metabolism 13. An atom that has a different number of electrons and protons is called . A. an ion B. a molecule C. radioactive D. polar E. an isotope 14. Which statement best explains the physical basis for why oil and water do not mix? A. Oils are nonpolar molecules that cannot interact with water molecules via hydrogen bonds. B. Oil molecules interact via hydrogen bonding more strongly with other oil molecules than with water molecules. C. Oils are positively charged molecules that are repelled by the partial positive charges on water molecules. 15. A hydrogen bond forms when which of the following conditions are met? A. Any covalent bond that includes a hydrogen atom. B. The atoms involved lose their valence electrons. C. Bonds are formed between inert elements. D. Polar molecules interact through weak electrical attractions. E. One partner donates an electron to the other. 16. Which “equation” below most closely describes a condensation reaction? [M = monomer; - = covalent bond] A. M1 + M2 - M1-M2 + H2O B. M1 + M2 + H2O - M1-M2 C. M1-M2 + H2O - M1 + M2 D. M1-M2 - M1 + M2 + H2O 17. Two atoms that have the same number of protons and electrons, but different numbers of neutrons are called . A. elements B. isotopes C. compounds D. inert 18. The bonding potential of an atom is determined by . A. how many protons it has in its nucleus. B. whether or not it has extra neutrons. C. the configuration of electrons in its outer shell. D. All of the above. 19. Water molecules are polar because . A. the atoms that make up a water molecule are held together by hydrogen bonds. B. most water exists at the north and south poles. C. electrons are shared equally by oxygen and hydrogen. D. oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. 20. When two atoms share a pair of electrons, they are held together by a(n) . A. electron bond B. ionic bond C. hydrogen bond D. covalent bond 21. Which of the following best describes chemical equilibrium? A. Concentrations of reactants fluctuate from low to high and back. B. Forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate. C. There are equal concentrations of reactants and products. D. All reactions have stopped. 22. Why is carbon so important in biology? A. It is a common element on Earth. B. It has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor. C. It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and have functional groups attached. D. It bonds to only a few other elements. E. All of the above. 23. Which of the following is true of functional groups? A. They usually make organic molecules more hydrophilic. B. They can be added to organic molecules in a wide variety of combinations. C. They contribute to a molecule’s chemical properties. D. All of the above. E. None of the above. 24. The different types of amino acids are usually classified as: A. small, medium, and large. B. covalent or ionic. C. non-polar, polar, and charged. D. with ring structures or without. 25. Aquaporins are proteins that control the passage of water molecules across a cell membrane. The protein forms a pore, or opening, in the membrane. You isolate what you think are two different molecules of aquaporin, and determine that one of the proteins has a larger pore diameter than the second. Which of the following can you conclude? A. These two forms of aquaporin will have identical sequences of amino acids. B. These two forms of aquaporin will have different sequences of amino acids. C. You will have to sequence the proteins to compare their primary structure, because it should have no effect on pore diameter. D. These two forms of aquaporin have identical primary structure but differ in their tertiary structure. 26. All enzymes are proteins, and all proteins are enzymes. A. True B. False 27. Which bond is a peptide bond? 28. What do alpha-helices and beta-sheets have in common? A. They are only found in enzymes. B. They are both shaped like a coil. C. They represent the overall shape of a complete protein. D. They are stabilized by hydrogen bonds on the peptide backbone. 29. The tertiary structure of a protein is stabilized by . A. hydrogen bonds B. ionic interactions C. disulfide bonds D. hydrophobic interactions E. All of the above 30. If a protein is unable to fold properly in a cell on its own, . A. it will never be able to function B. peptide bonds will break C. it will cause nearby proteins to unfold D. folding can be aided by molecular chaperones 31. Which statement below best describes what will happen if a properly folded, active protein is heated to 100°C (boiling)? A. The protein will become more active, because it has more energy. B. The protein will denature (unfold) because hydrogen bonds will be disrupted. C. The primary sequence of the protein will be rearranged. D. Heating will have no effect on protein structure. 32. Which amino acid is most likely to form hydrogen bonds with water or other polar molecules? A B C D 33. Which cellular activity is not primarily carried out by proteins? A. Signaling B. Transport C. Information storage D. Movement E. Catalysis 34. EXTRA CREDIT! Which of the following is NOT a method used to determine the three-dimensional structure of a protein? A. Cryo-electron microscopy B. STED nanoscopy C. X-ray crystallography D. Nuclear magnetic resonance THIS IS TEST FORM B. BE SURE TO BUBBLE IN “B” IN THE TEST FORM BOX!!! DID YOU REMEMBER TO: • BUBBLE IN YOUR N#? • BUBBLE IN THE TEST FORM (B)?