SOPHIA PATHWAYS Introduction to Information Technology Unit 1 Milestone 1.

SOPHIA PATHWAYS Introduction to Information Technology Unit 1 Milestone 1. SOPHIA PATHWAYS Introduction to Information Technology You passed this Milestone 17 questions were answered correctly. 1 Select the true statement about a mouse. • It is an input device that converts images or text into digital information. • It is an input device that enables users to use a finger to move an on-screen pointer. • It is an input device that enables users to enter text or number sequences into a computer. • It is an input device that enables users to point-and-click to make selections, and to start applications or open files. RATIONALE All of the answer choices describe peripheral input devices. A mouse is the most common pointing device. It is moved across a flat surface to position an on-screen pointer to make selections, and to open programs or files. CONCEPT External Computer Hardware 2 Which of the following statements about the relationship between hardware and software is true? • Software and hardware can act independently of each other. • Software consists of instructions that tell the hardware what to do. • Hardware can be present in intangible form. • A flash drive is an example of software. RATIONALE It is true that software consists of instructions that tell hardware what to do. Software controls and commands hardware. The other statements are false. Software and hardware cannot function without each other. Without software, computer hardware is useless. Conversely, software cannot be used without supporting hardware. Hardware is the physical, tangible components of a computer; software comprises the intangible components. A flash drive is an example of computer hardware. CONCEPT The Relationship Between Hardware and Software 3 Jessica is a freelance writer who only uses a computer when she works in her home office. She typically writes for four to six hours a day. Select the best computer for Jessica. • A desktop computer with a large screen • A laptop computer that connects to “the cloud” • A portable tablet computer • A laptop computer with multimedia content RATIONALE Jessica can use a desktop computer because she does not need mobility. She also needs a large screen because she works for long periods of time. CONCEPT Selecting a Computer 4 The invention of the integrated circuit was the first major advance in computing. The integrated circuit made it possible for all of a computer's electrical components to reside on one silicon chip. This invention became known as the . • personal computer • mainframe computer • microprocessor • client-server configuration RATIONALE This invention is known as the microprocessor. Microprocessors perform arithmetic and logic operations that use small, number-holding areas called registers. Typical microprocessor operations include addition, subtraction, comparison of two numbers, and retrieval and movement of numbers from one area to another. CONCEPT History of Computers 5 When she downloads new software onto her smartphone, Talia must ensure the software is compatible with her smartphone's . • operating system • productivity software • application software • utility software RATIONALE When she downloads new software, Talia must ensure that it is compatible with her smartphone's operating system. CONCEPT Computer Software 6 When Todd turns on his computer, data is loaded into a primary storage device known as . • a hard disk • an optical disk • RAM • the CPU RATIONALE When Todd turns on his computer, data is loaded into a primary storage device known as random access memory (RAM). RAM is a form of computer data storage that holds frequently-used program instructions (including operating systems) to increase overall system speed. CONCEPT Computer Components and Roles 7 Which of the following does NOT include both input and output components? • Video card • A printer with a scanner • Touchscreen monitor • A portable SSD drive RATIONALE The video card, also known as the graphics processing unit (GPU), generates images on a monitor and is an internal data processing component. A printer with a scanner, a touchscreen monitor, and a portable SSD drive are examples of input AND output devices because they enable users to receive information from a computing system, and send information into a computing system. CONCEPT Computer Components and Roles 8 Bethany sends a text message to her boyfriend while listening to music. Which device is Bethany most likely using in this scenario? • A tablet • A laptop computer • A desktop computer • A smartphone RATIONALE Bethany is using a smartphone, which provides functions including text messaging, phone calls, and Internet browsing. CONCEPT Types of Computers 9 Joan presses a button on her pointing device to select an icon to connect to the Internet. This process describes the interaction between the and . • mouse, flash drive • mouse, ethernet card • touchpad, visual card • touchpad, hard drive RATIONALE This process describes the interaction between the mouse and a network interface card. By moving the mouse across a flat surface, Joan is able to click on the icon. The network interface card (NIC), also known as the ethernet card, enables Joan's computer to connect to the Internet. CONCEPT Computer Components and Roles 10 Which of the following is NOT an example of computer software? • ROM • OS X • Firefox • Windows Media Player RATIONALE Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of nonvolatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. ROM is not software. CONCEPT Computer Software 11 Cristina sends a brief email message to wish her aunt a happy birthday. How much storage space is necessary for Cristina’s email? • 1 byte • 1 megabyte • 1 gigabyte • 1 kilobyte RATIONALE One byte is the equivalent of a single text character. One or two paragraphs of text, like a short email message wishing someone a happy birthday, would consume about 1 kilobyte (i.e., 1,000 bytes) of storage. CONCEPT Data Storage 12 Select the true statement about the motherboard. • It acts as a storage point for read-only memory (ROM). • It provides much of the electrical connection between different computer parts. • It executes the commands sent to it by the application software. • It acts as the working memory of the computer by transferring data from the hard disk for processing. RATIONALE A motherboard is a printed circuit board that contains the principal components of a computer or other device. It includes connectors into which other circuit boards can be slotted. A motherboard provides much of the bus of the computer, and is the main circuit board where the memory, storage, and CPU connect. CONCEPT Internal Computer Hardware 13 Information systems consist of five components: hardware, software, data, process, and . • peripherals • people • monitors • data management RATIONALE Information systems consist of five components: hardware, software, data, process, and people. An information system (IS) is an organized system that is used to collect, organize, store, and communicate information. It is the study of complementary networks that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create, and distribute data. CONCEPT Information Systems 14 Suzi is a writer who is using her keyboard to type a story. When she saves her work, her computer issues a command and returns the results, which she checks to ensure that her work has been saved properly. The in Suzi's computer is responsible for the operation sent to it by the software. • RAM • CPU • keyboard • ROM RATIONALE When Suzi clicks to save her work, this command is sent to the computer's central processing unit (CPU). The CPU manages the operations or instructions it receives from software programs. Random-access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) indicate the locations where the data is stored in the computer, but do not manage instructions sent to them by software. CONCEPT The Primary Functions of a Computer 15 Select the file size that is the LARGEST. • 1,995 GB • 20,000 KB • 1 TB • 10 MB RATIONALE If we consider the units only, from largest to smallest, the order is TB, GB, MB, KB. However, we must also consider the number of units. We can rewrite each example in the same unit and order, as follows: 1,995 GB = 1,995 GB 1 TB = 1,000 GB 20,000 KB = 0.2 GB 10 MB = 0.01 GB The largest file size is 1,995 GB. CONCEPT Unit Prefixes 16 To which external hardware component does the arrow point in the given image? • Touchpad • Status light • Keyboard • Power button RATIONALE The arrow is pointing to the status light of a laptop computer. Status lights provide information about the computer's operating system. CONCEPT External Computer Hardware 17 Select the image of the hard disk. 1 2 3 4 RATIONALE A hard disk is an internal component that contains 2.5-inch magnetic disk drives called platters. Hard disk platters are made of rigid metal or glass. CONCEPT Internal Computer Hardware