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MDC 4 – Final Exam Review
1- Safety issues in the ED: Pt identification, fall risk, skin breakdown, HAIs, med errors and
adverse events.
2- Triage: sorting & classifying patients into priority levels depending on illness/injury
severity
- Triage nurse: gatekeeper in the emergency care system
- 3 levels: Emergent, Urgent, Nonurgent
3- Primary Survey: organizes the approach so immediate threats are rapidly identified and
effectively managed. Use ABC Disability and Exposure
4- Secondary Survey: comprehensive head-to-toe, identify other injuries. Ex: splint, Foley,
etc.
5- Disaster: event in which illness/injuries exceed the resources capabilities of a
community or medical facility
6- Internal disaster: any event inside a health care facility/campus that could endanger the
safety of patients/staff & creates a need for evacuation/relocation
7- External disaster: any event outside the facility/campus. Somewhere in the community,
requires the activation of the facility’s emergency management plan
8- Multi-casualty vs. Mass casualty event: based upon the scope & scale of the incident
and the number/severity of victims/casualties
9- Mass casualty event: overwhelms local medical capabilities & may require collaboration
of multiple agencies & health care facilities
10- Emergency Preparedness: define ways to meet the extraordinary need for beds, meds,
PPE, supplies, and medical devices
11- Disaster Triage Tag System: • Red: Emergent: class I – immediate threat to life
• Yellow: Urgent: class II – tx within 30min to 2h time frame
, 2
• Green: Nonurgent: class III – waking wounded, tx > 2h
• Black: Expected: class IV – expected to die or dead
12- DMAT: part of the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS), federal employees; their
licenses are valid in all states
13- Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD): provide small group sessions for staff to
promote effective coping strategies
14- Heat exhaustion: results from dehydration. Caused by heavy perspiration & inadequate
fluid & electrolyte intake during heat exposure
• S/Sx: flu-like symptoms, heavy sweating
• Inter: rest in a cool place, cold pack on neck/ab/groin
- Rehydrate w/ electrolytes, NPO
15- Heat stroke: emergency, body temp > 104oF
• S/Sx: hot, dry skin, ALOC, hypotn, tachycardia/pnea, oliguria, electrolyte imbalance,
crackles (pulmonary edema), coagulopathy
- Risk for hypovolemic shock, H&H
• Inter: -Scene: remove clothing/from hot environment, ice packs in the scalp, groin,
neck, armpit, fan the pt
- Hospital: large bore IV/cannula, O2 by mask or NC, intubation PRN, NS as Rxd, using
cooled solutions if available
- Cooling blanket, no ASA or other antipyretics, core body temp (rectal), Foley
- CBC, baseline labs for electrolytes, cardiac/liver enzymes, frequent VS
- Shivering, give benzos
16- Snakebites/Arthropod/Stings: - Move pt to a safe area, encourage rest to venom
circulation
- Immobilize affected extremity snugly w/ an elastic bandage or roller gauze
- Take a picture of the snake
- Red & Yellow can kill a Fellow
- Red & Black, venom lack
- Teach pts w/ allergic reaction to bee/wasp to carry an epi pen, medical alert bracelet
17- Lightning: causes CNS and CV complications as well as skin burns
- Keraunoparalysis: temporary paralysis that affects the lower limbs
- Creatinine kinase to detect skeletal muscle damage
- Rhabdomyolysis can l/t renal failure
MDC 4 – Final Exam Review
1- Safety issues in the ED: Pt identification, fall risk, skin breakdown, HAIs, med errors and
adverse events.
2- Triage: sorting & classifying patients into priority levels depending on illness/injury
severity
- Triage nurse: gatekeeper in the emergency care system
- 3 levels: Emergent, Urgent, Nonurgent
3- Primary Survey: organizes the approach so immediate threats are rapidly identified and
effectively managed. Use ABC Disability and Exposure
4- Secondary Survey: comprehensive head-to-toe, identify other injuries. Ex: splint, Foley,
etc.
5- Disaster: event in which illness/injuries exceed the resources capabilities of a
community or medical facility
6- Internal disaster: any event inside a health care facility/campus that could endanger the
safety of patients/staff & creates a need for evacuation/relocation
7- External disaster: any event outside the facility/campus. Somewhere in the community,
requires the activation of the facility’s emergency management plan
8- Multi-casualty vs. Mass casualty event: based upon the scope & scale of the incident
and the number/severity of victims/casualties
9- Mass casualty event: overwhelms local medical capabilities & may require collaboration
of multiple agencies & health care facilities
10- Emergency Preparedness: define ways to meet the extraordinary need for beds, meds,
PPE, supplies, and medical devices
11- Disaster Triage Tag System: • Red: Emergent: class I – immediate threat to life
• Yellow: Urgent: class II – tx within 30min to 2h time frame
, 2
• Green: Nonurgent: class III – waking wounded, tx > 2h
• Black: Expected: class IV – expected to die or dead
12- DMAT: part of the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS), federal employees; their
licenses are valid in all states
13- Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD): provide small group sessions for staff to
promote effective coping strategies
14- Heat exhaustion: results from dehydration. Caused by heavy perspiration & inadequate
fluid & electrolyte intake during heat exposure
• S/Sx: flu-like symptoms, heavy sweating
• Inter: rest in a cool place, cold pack on neck/ab/groin
- Rehydrate w/ electrolytes, NPO
15- Heat stroke: emergency, body temp > 104oF
• S/Sx: hot, dry skin, ALOC, hypotn, tachycardia/pnea, oliguria, electrolyte imbalance,
crackles (pulmonary edema), coagulopathy
- Risk for hypovolemic shock, H&H
• Inter: -Scene: remove clothing/from hot environment, ice packs in the scalp, groin,
neck, armpit, fan the pt
- Hospital: large bore IV/cannula, O2 by mask or NC, intubation PRN, NS as Rxd, using
cooled solutions if available
- Cooling blanket, no ASA or other antipyretics, core body temp (rectal), Foley
- CBC, baseline labs for electrolytes, cardiac/liver enzymes, frequent VS
- Shivering, give benzos
16- Snakebites/Arthropod/Stings: - Move pt to a safe area, encourage rest to venom
circulation
- Immobilize affected extremity snugly w/ an elastic bandage or roller gauze
- Take a picture of the snake
- Red & Yellow can kill a Fellow
- Red & Black, venom lack
- Teach pts w/ allergic reaction to bee/wasp to carry an epi pen, medical alert bracelet
17- Lightning: causes CNS and CV complications as well as skin burns
- Keraunoparalysis: temporary paralysis that affects the lower limbs
- Creatinine kinase to detect skeletal muscle damage
- Rhabdomyolysis can l/t renal failure
