NURS 3321 RAC 2 Kim 2019.

NURS 3321 RAC 2 Kim 2019. What sampling method or plan was used by the authors in this study? a. Little information is given about the sampling method b. Simple random sampling c. Systematic sampling d. Network sampling Flag this Question Question 2 According to Grove & Gray (2019), what are the potential biases of convenience sampling? a. This method provides little opportunity to control for bias because subjects are included in the study merely because they happen to be in the right place at the right time. b. This is a strong probability sampling method with very little potential for bias. c. This method is used when an ordered list of all members of the population are available, and provides a random but not equal chance for inclusion in the study. d. This method is specific to the individuals who were recruited and the information gained cannot be generalized to others who don't share these types of experiences. Flag this Question Question 3 What was the final sample size reported by the authors for this study? Group of answer choices a. 90 participants b. 115 participants annually c. 82 participants per month d. 28 participants Flag this Question Question 4 Was a power analysis conducted? If so, which statement best describes the results of the power analysis? Group of answer choices a. The authors mention that a power analysis was conducted, and 90 participants were needed. b. The authors mention that a power analysis was conducted using a power of 0.8, an alpha value of 0.5, and an effect size of 0.2 c. The authors do not report that a power analysis was conducted. d. The authors mention that a power analysis was conducted using a power of 0.8, and alpha value of 0.5, and a moderate effect size. Flag this Question Which of these statements would be considered to be specific inclusion criterion for the sample in the research article? Group of answer choices a. Participants had chronic conditions. b. Participants had heart failure. c. Participants were able to read and write. d. Participants had diabetes or hypertension. Flag this Question Question 6 Which of these statements would be considered to be exclusion criterion specifically identified by the author for the sample in the research article? Group of answer choices a. Participants with a history of cognitive inflicted disorders. b. Participants could not read or write. c. Participants were less than seventy years old. d. Participants with a history of heart attack. Flag this Question Question 7 What is the acceptance rate for this study? Group of answer choices a. unknown / cannot be calculated b. 100% c. 92/90 X 100% = 98% d. 2/90 X 100% = 2% Flag this Question Question 8 Which of the following would be accurate for the attrition rate for this study? Group of answer choices a. 0% b. 1/90 X 100% = 1% c. 90/92 x 100% = 98% d. unknown / cannot be calculated Flag this Question Question 9 What was the setting for this research study? Briefly describe the setting and indicate whether it was appropriate for conducting this study. Group of answer choices a. The setting for this study was a natural or field setting and was appropriate for this study's research design. b. The setting for this study was a partially controlled setting and was appropriate for this study's research design. c. The setting for this study was a highly controlled setting and was appropriate for this study's research design. d. The setting for this study was a highly controlled setting and was NOT appropriate for this study's research design. e. No answer text provided. Flag this Question Question 10 Which ones of these questionnaires, scales, or physiologic measures are used in this research study? Group of answer choices a. The Charlson Comorbidity Index b. The Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living c. The Bandura Self-Efficacy Scale d. Clinical Skills Self-Efficacy Scale Flag this Question Question 11 How do the authors describe the reliability of the Charlson Comorbidity Index? Group of answer choices a. They mention that it has been found to have good inter-rater reliability. b. They allowed the participants to complete the scale in a location of their own choice. c. They reported a Cronbach’s alpha level of 0.94. d. They tested the current group of subjects using two different versions of the same scale (alternate forms reliability). Flag this Question Question 12 How do the authors describe the validity of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) used in this study? Group of answer choices a. They report a study relating DASI scores to physiological measures. b. They report Cronbach’s alpha scores for the DASI. c. They mention that the DASI consists of 12 items on a dichotomous response option. d. They report that possible scores for the DASI range from 0 to 58.2 Flag this Question Question 13 Which statement is true regarding surveys used for this study? Group of answer choices a. The Seoul Verbal Learning Test, the Korean Trail Making Test, and the Controlled Word Association Test were administered. b. The authors developed the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI). c. Interviews were reportedly used, but the author does not explain what was included in them. d. The authors developed their own questions to assess functional status. Flag this Question Question 14 Were any physiological measurements collected from the subjects for the purpose of this study? Group of answer choices a. No b. Yes c. No answer text provided. d. No answer text provided. Flag this Question Question 15 Which of the following best describes the data collection process used in this study? Group of answer choices a. A trained research assistant conducted interviews in person. b. Participants were interviewed by phone by nurse researcher. c. Questionnaires / surveys were mailed to the prospective returned in a self-addressed stamped envelope. d. Researchers consented participants after face to face discussion of study. Flag this Question Question 16 Based on the study's data collection methods, if there were more than one data collector, would an estimation of inter-rater reliability be an important concept for the authors to report on for this study? Group of answer choices a. No, the issue of inter-rater reliability does not apply here. b. Yes, and the authors reported their efforts to achieve inter-rater reliability. c. Yes, but the authors do not discuss any efforts to achieve inter-rater reliability. d. No answer text provided. Flag this Question What descriptive statistics were NOT reported in this study? Group of answer choices a. median b. mean c. range d. standard deviation Flag this Question Question 18 Which one of these inferential statistics were NOT used to examine the data obtained from the participants? Group of answer choices a. Pearson correlation b. t test c. Multiple regression d. ANCOVA Flag this Question Question 19 What is the level of significance (alpha level) set at for this study? Group of answer choices a. 0.05 or 5% b. .01 or 1% c. 0.10 or 10% d. An alpha level or level of significance chosen by the authors was not specifically mentioned in the text of the article. Flag this Question Question 20 Which statement from the article would be considered a significant result? Group of answer choices a. The functional capacity increased by 1.5 points with every increase in delayed recall memory. b. Approximately two thirds (68.9%) had less than a high school education. c. Trail Making Test times were greater among those who had diabetes or hypertension than among those who did. d. Controlled Oral Word Association Test scores were higher among those who did not have diabetes or hypertension than among those who did. Flag this Question Question 21 Which one of these statements from the article would be considered a non- significant result? Group of answer choices a. Digit Span Test scores were higher among those who did not have diabetes or hypertension than among those who did. b. Seoul Verbal Learning Test scores were higher among those who did not have diabetes or hypertension than among those who did. c. Older men had a higher incidence of hypertension and DM than other chronic diseases. d. Participants with diabetes or hypertension had lower scores than those who did not for functional capacity. Flag this Question Question 22 Which one of these statements from the article would be considered clinically important? Group of answer choices a. Many patients with hypertension or DM showed greater cognitive dysfunction, including memory loss and poorer executive function, than those with other chronic conditions in this study. b. In this study, hypertension, with or without DM, was the most prevalent condition. c. Evidence is still lacking regarding whether cognitive function is exceedingly constrained in people with hypertension or DM, as compared with other chronic conditions. d. Limited evidence has been provided by prior studies with regard to poor cognitive function and/or its relevance to functional decline in patients with chronic diseases. Flag this Question Question 23 Which statement below, as reported by the author, would be considered a limitation of the study? Group of answer choices a. Validation of cognitive assessment in samples with chronic diseases is needed. b. Previous studies have been limited by multiple factors, including global measures used for cognitive assessment. c. Significant differences for hypertension and diabetes on functional ability were nullified when adjusting for age, gender, and education. d. Many patients with hypertension or DM showed greater cognitive dysfunction, including memory loss and poorer executive function, than those with other chronic conditions in this study. Flag this Question Question 24 Which of these statements would be considered a statement regarding generalization of these results? Group of answer choices a. The sample consisted of participants from one geographical area. b. The cognitive assessment instruments used need to be validated for samples with chronic diseases. c. Significant differences for hypertension and diabetes on functional ability were nullified when adjusting for age, gender, and education. d. Previous studies have been limited by multiple factors, including global measures used for cognitive assessment. Flag this Question Question 25 Which of these statements from the article would be considered a recommendation for future studies? Group of answer choices a. More empirical evidence is necessary to better address the problem of mild cognitive impairment and its impact on outcomes in high-risk groups. b. Providing cognitive screening in routine primary care or in the community for persons who are susceptible to chronic illness may facilitate earlier detection of cognitive decline. c. Cognitive impairment should be considered in care plans for the management of physical functional decline and the prevention or delay of adverse outcomes in persons at risk. d. In addition to the functional decline associated with cognitive decline, its adverse impact on other health outcomes, including cardiac events, has been documented in chronically ill patients.