Nursing 220 Final Exam, NURS 220 Nutrition in Nursing
nutrient density getting more nutrients for fewer calories; skim milk is an example
Daily Food Guide Groups fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods, dairy; oils, fats and sugars
are not food groups
calculate kcal from grams of protein, carbs, and fat 1 gram of carbs and proteins is 4 kcals, 1
gram of fat is 9 kcal; fat is most calorically dense
Simple Carbohydratesmonosaccharides such as glucose, fructose and galactose; disaccharides
such as lactose, dextrose, and sucrose
Complex Carbohydrates polysaccharides such as glycogen, starch, and cellulose
Storage forms of glucose glycogen in humans and starch in plants
functions of fat energy stores, muscle fuel, insulates body, protects organs, nourishes scalp
hair and complexion, cell membranes
Saturated fat no hydrogens missing, single bonds only, not as good for you
unsaturated fatat least one H+ missing, better for you,
polyunsaturated fat multiple points of unsaturation
monounsaturated fat multiple points of unsaturation
positive nitrogen balance pregnant women, children, growing infants
negative nitrogen balance starving people, wasting diseases,burns, traumas, infections, fevers
functions of proteins mainly building lean tissue, shape determines function, transport, used as
energy if insufficient carbohydrate, structure, enzymes, hormones, antibodies
What chemical element is unique to protein? nitrogen
function of bile emulsifier of fat, prepares fat and oils for digestion, secreted continuously
by the liver, released into small intestine when needed
peristalsis forward pushing that goes on through digestive tract, successive waves of
muscular contractions in GI system, involuntary muscle
Ketones fat related acidic compounds formed primarily when in starvation or not getting
enough carbohydrates; formed with glycerol and ketogenic amino acids
changes during fasting loss of lean tissue, overtime reduction in resting metabolic rate,
impaired disease resistance , changes in fluid and electrolyte balance
minimum kcal for safe weight loss men consume at least 1600 kcal and women comsume at
least 1200 kcal
CMI for overweight >25
BMI for obesity >30
Extreme Risk BMI >40 (morbid obesity)
Calculating kcals to lose fat EER-500 or current weight x10
Vitamin C on Iron increases iron absorption
Vitamin D deficiencies in children-rickets, in adults-osteomalacia
functions of vitamin A vision, immunity, mucous membranes, and skin
, General functions of fat soluble vitamins stored in liver and fatty tissues until needed, travel
as lypoproteins, not readily excreted
food sources of calcium mainly dairy, sardines, leafy green vegetables
potassium sources fruits and vegetables
infants readiness for solid food 4-6 months, double birth weight, control head movements,
sit with support
Recommended weight gain for pregnancy must know pre-pregnancy weight, 11lb gain
minimum, normal weight is 25-30lbs
increased nutrients needed for pregnant women for RBC iron, folate, and b12
most prevalent nutrient deficiency in children iron
Simple IV solutions appropriate for patients who are expected to return to normal diet within a
few days
Risks of parenteral nutrition air leaking into catheter, contamination, improper position of
catheter
advantages of enteral nutrition maintains gut function, fewer costs, fewer complications
Standard formula intact proteins and polymers, patient can absorb nutrients, can be
blenderized
hydrolyzed not intact proteins, for patients who cannot properly absorb nutrients
What is diverticulosis? pebble size herniations in the intestinal mucosa, increased risk with
older age
decrease risk of diverticulosishigh fiber,low fat diet and avoiding nuts, popcorn, and food with
seeds
what is IBS? chronic,recurring intestinal problems such as diarrhea or constipation
Diet for IBS increase fiber, decrease fat, limit caffeine, alcohol, dairy, and seasoned food, slow
meals
dietary suggestions for constipation increase fiber and fluids
prevention of dumping syndrome need soluble fiber, avoid dairy, smaller meals, don't with a
lot with meals, lie down after eating
mechanical soft diet foods modified in texture; soft texture, easy to chew, easy to swallow;
includes all food groups
characteristics of modified diet tailored to patient food preferences and nutrient needs;
specifies nutrient level and calorie level
what is a kcalorie count? if nurse obtains estimate of patients food intake through direct
observation
food record recorded over several days as consumed, not reliant on memory
food frequency questionnaire how often certain foods are consumed
24 hour recall all foods and beverages consumed in 24 hours, time of day consumed, downfall is
it might not have been a typical day
direct observation kcalorie count--counting calories, time consuming, done in hospital
4 symptons of diabetes polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst),
polyphagia (weight loss, bigger appetite), blurred vision, fatigue, infections
why are diabetics more prone to infection? increased blood glucose levels, poor circulation in
blood
3 acute complications of diabetes ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia
ketoacidosis type 1, high blood sugars; acid breath, polyuria, rapid breathing, nausea,
dehydration, acidosis
nutrient density getting more nutrients for fewer calories; skim milk is an example
Daily Food Guide Groups fruits, vegetables, grains, protein foods, dairy; oils, fats and sugars
are not food groups
calculate kcal from grams of protein, carbs, and fat 1 gram of carbs and proteins is 4 kcals, 1
gram of fat is 9 kcal; fat is most calorically dense
Simple Carbohydratesmonosaccharides such as glucose, fructose and galactose; disaccharides
such as lactose, dextrose, and sucrose
Complex Carbohydrates polysaccharides such as glycogen, starch, and cellulose
Storage forms of glucose glycogen in humans and starch in plants
functions of fat energy stores, muscle fuel, insulates body, protects organs, nourishes scalp
hair and complexion, cell membranes
Saturated fat no hydrogens missing, single bonds only, not as good for you
unsaturated fatat least one H+ missing, better for you,
polyunsaturated fat multiple points of unsaturation
monounsaturated fat multiple points of unsaturation
positive nitrogen balance pregnant women, children, growing infants
negative nitrogen balance starving people, wasting diseases,burns, traumas, infections, fevers
functions of proteins mainly building lean tissue, shape determines function, transport, used as
energy if insufficient carbohydrate, structure, enzymes, hormones, antibodies
What chemical element is unique to protein? nitrogen
function of bile emulsifier of fat, prepares fat and oils for digestion, secreted continuously
by the liver, released into small intestine when needed
peristalsis forward pushing that goes on through digestive tract, successive waves of
muscular contractions in GI system, involuntary muscle
Ketones fat related acidic compounds formed primarily when in starvation or not getting
enough carbohydrates; formed with glycerol and ketogenic amino acids
changes during fasting loss of lean tissue, overtime reduction in resting metabolic rate,
impaired disease resistance , changes in fluid and electrolyte balance
minimum kcal for safe weight loss men consume at least 1600 kcal and women comsume at
least 1200 kcal
CMI for overweight >25
BMI for obesity >30
Extreme Risk BMI >40 (morbid obesity)
Calculating kcals to lose fat EER-500 or current weight x10
Vitamin C on Iron increases iron absorption
Vitamin D deficiencies in children-rickets, in adults-osteomalacia
functions of vitamin A vision, immunity, mucous membranes, and skin
, General functions of fat soluble vitamins stored in liver and fatty tissues until needed, travel
as lypoproteins, not readily excreted
food sources of calcium mainly dairy, sardines, leafy green vegetables
potassium sources fruits and vegetables
infants readiness for solid food 4-6 months, double birth weight, control head movements,
sit with support
Recommended weight gain for pregnancy must know pre-pregnancy weight, 11lb gain
minimum, normal weight is 25-30lbs
increased nutrients needed for pregnant women for RBC iron, folate, and b12
most prevalent nutrient deficiency in children iron
Simple IV solutions appropriate for patients who are expected to return to normal diet within a
few days
Risks of parenteral nutrition air leaking into catheter, contamination, improper position of
catheter
advantages of enteral nutrition maintains gut function, fewer costs, fewer complications
Standard formula intact proteins and polymers, patient can absorb nutrients, can be
blenderized
hydrolyzed not intact proteins, for patients who cannot properly absorb nutrients
What is diverticulosis? pebble size herniations in the intestinal mucosa, increased risk with
older age
decrease risk of diverticulosishigh fiber,low fat diet and avoiding nuts, popcorn, and food with
seeds
what is IBS? chronic,recurring intestinal problems such as diarrhea or constipation
Diet for IBS increase fiber, decrease fat, limit caffeine, alcohol, dairy, and seasoned food, slow
meals
dietary suggestions for constipation increase fiber and fluids
prevention of dumping syndrome need soluble fiber, avoid dairy, smaller meals, don't with a
lot with meals, lie down after eating
mechanical soft diet foods modified in texture; soft texture, easy to chew, easy to swallow;
includes all food groups
characteristics of modified diet tailored to patient food preferences and nutrient needs;
specifies nutrient level and calorie level
what is a kcalorie count? if nurse obtains estimate of patients food intake through direct
observation
food record recorded over several days as consumed, not reliant on memory
food frequency questionnaire how often certain foods are consumed
24 hour recall all foods and beverages consumed in 24 hours, time of day consumed, downfall is
it might not have been a typical day
direct observation kcalorie count--counting calories, time consuming, done in hospital
4 symptons of diabetes polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst),
polyphagia (weight loss, bigger appetite), blurred vision, fatigue, infections
why are diabetics more prone to infection? increased blood glucose levels, poor circulation in
blood
3 acute complications of diabetes ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia
ketoacidosis type 1, high blood sugars; acid breath, polyuria, rapid breathing, nausea,
dehydration, acidosis
