NUR 2474 Module 5 Study Guide Cardiovascular & Renal.

NUR 2474 Module 5 Study Guide: Cardiovascular & Renal
DIURETICS
- Purpose: reduce hypertension & decrease edema
- Administer in morning
- Monitor
○ Daily weights
○ VS
○ Labs (esp. K)
○ Limit salt & substitutes
○ Dietary restrictions
- Nursing Considerations
○ Monitor for electrolyte imbalances and dehydration
- Side Effects
○ Dizziness
○ Headache
○ Weakness
○ Hypotension
○ GI distress/ Constipation
○ Blood dyscrasias
○ Renal Failure
LOOP DIURETICS
Furosemide Lasix
- Monitor electrolyte ranges
○ Excrete sodium, water, potassium, calcium, magnesium
○ Potassium dumping
- Mechanism of Action
○ Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride within the nephrons
○ Prevents water reabsorption
○ Voids Na and K with the water
- Drug Interactions
○ Gentamicin
▪ Hearing loss, tinnitus, renal dysfunction
THIAZIDE DIURETICS
Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ
- Na, K, and H2O secretion
- Contraindicated for advanced kidney disease
POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
Spironolactone Aldactone
- Risk for hyperkalemia
- Hold if K is elevated
Triamterene

CARDIAC MEDS
Acute Heart Failure Heart muscle weakens and enlarges
Loses ability to pump adequately
Compensatory mechanisms fail
Lungs and periphery become congested
Right-Sided Heart Failure Blood backs up in periphery
Left-Sided Heart Failure Blood backs up into the lungs
- Nonpharmacologic Interventions
○ Lifestyle changes
▪ Limit salt and saturated fat
▪ Limit alcohol
▪ Stop smoking
▪ Exercise
- Meds used: vasodilators, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics, some beta blockers, natriuretic peptide, cardiac glycosides, phosphodiesterase inhibito

ANTIHYPERTENSIVES