Chapter 1
NURSING
Which of the following groups would be
1. best served by the development of a
scientific base for nursing practice?
A) Nursing administrators
B) Practicing nurses
C) Nurses' clients
D) Health care policymakers
An especially important goal for the
2.
nursing profession is to:
om
Conduct research to better understand the
A)
context of nursing practice
Establish a base of evidence for practice
.c
B)
through disciplined research
ep
Document the role nursing serves in
C)
society
pr
D) Establish research priorities
st
Which of the following would not be a
te
3. current priority for clinical nursing
research?
ng
A) Pain management
B) Health promotion
si
C) Nurses' personalities
ur
D) Prevention of illness
yn
Most nursing studies before 1950 focused
.m
4.
on:
A) Client satisfaction
w
B) Clinical interventions
w
C) Health promotion
D) Nursing education
w
To those espousing a naturalistic
5.
paradigm, a fundamental belief is that:
A fixed reality exists in nature for humans
A)
to understand
The nature of reality has changed over
B)
time
C) Reality is multiply constructed and
,Chapter 1
multiply interpreted by humans
D) Reality cannot be studied empirically
To those espousing a positivist paradigm,
6.
a fundamental belief is that:
The researcher is objective and
A)
independent of those being studied.
The researcher cannot interact with those
B)
being studied.
The researcher instructs those being
om
C) studied to be objective in providing
information.
The distance between the researcher and
.c
D) those being researched is minimized to
ep
enhance the interactive process.
pr
The traditional scientific method is not
st
7. characterized by which of the following
attributes?
te
A) Control over external factors
Systematic measurement and observation
ng
B)
of natural phenomena
Testing of hunches deduced from theory
si
C)
or prior research
ur
Emphasis on a holistic view of a
D)
phenomenon, studied in a rich context
yn
.m
8. Empiricism refers to:
Making generalizations from specific
A)
w
observations
Deducing specific predictions from
w
B)
generalizations
w
Gathering evidence about real-world
C)
phenomena through the senses
Verifying the assumptions on which the
D)
study was based
A hallmark of the scientific method is that
9.
it is:
A) Rigorous
,Chapter 1
B) Holistic
C) Systematic
D) Flexible
Which of the following limits the power
10. of the scientific method to answer
questions about human life?
The necessity of departing from
A)
traditional beliefs
The difficulty of accurately measuring
om
B)
complex human traits
The difficulty of gaining the cooperation
C)
of humans as study participants
.c
The shortage of theories about human
D)
ep
behavior
pr
The classic scientific method has its
11.
A)
st
intellectual roots in:
Positivism
te
B) Determinism
ng
C) Constructivism
D) Empiricism
si
ur
One of the criticisms of the scientific
12.
method is that it is overly:
yn
A) Logical
B) Deterministic
.m
C) Empirical
D) Reductionist
w
w
13. Naturalistic qualitative research typically:
w
A) Involves deductive processes
Attempts to control the research context to
B) better understand the phenomenon being
studied
Involves gathering narrative, subjective
C)
materials
Focuses on the idiosyncrasies of those
D)
being studied
, Chapter 1
Quantitative and qualitative research do
14.
not share which of the following features?
A desire to understand the true state of
A)
human affairs
Roots in the 19th century thought of such
B)
philosophers as Newton and Locke
A reliance on external evidence collected
C)
through the senses
D) Utility to the nursing profession
om
A descriptive question that a qualitative
15.
researcher might ask is:
.c
What are the dimensions of this
A)
ep
phenomenon?
What is the average intensity of this
B)
phenomenon?
pr
How frequently does this phenomenon
C)
st
occur?
What is the average duration of this
te
D)
phenomenon?
ng
A researcher wants to investigate the
si
16. effect of patients' body position on blood
ur
pressure. The study would most likely be:
A) Qualitative
yn
B) Quantitative
Either quantitative or qualitative
C)
.m
(researcher preference)
D) Insufficient information to determine
w
w
A researcher wants to study the process by
w
which people make decisions about
17. seeking treatment for infertility. The
researcher's paradigmatic orientation most
likely is:
A) Positivism
B) Determinism
C) Empiricism
D) Naturalism
NURSING
Which of the following groups would be
1. best served by the development of a
scientific base for nursing practice?
A) Nursing administrators
B) Practicing nurses
C) Nurses' clients
D) Health care policymakers
An especially important goal for the
2.
nursing profession is to:
om
Conduct research to better understand the
A)
context of nursing practice
Establish a base of evidence for practice
.c
B)
through disciplined research
ep
Document the role nursing serves in
C)
society
pr
D) Establish research priorities
st
Which of the following would not be a
te
3. current priority for clinical nursing
research?
ng
A) Pain management
B) Health promotion
si
C) Nurses' personalities
ur
D) Prevention of illness
yn
Most nursing studies before 1950 focused
.m
4.
on:
A) Client satisfaction
w
B) Clinical interventions
w
C) Health promotion
D) Nursing education
w
To those espousing a naturalistic
5.
paradigm, a fundamental belief is that:
A fixed reality exists in nature for humans
A)
to understand
The nature of reality has changed over
B)
time
C) Reality is multiply constructed and
,Chapter 1
multiply interpreted by humans
D) Reality cannot be studied empirically
To those espousing a positivist paradigm,
6.
a fundamental belief is that:
The researcher is objective and
A)
independent of those being studied.
The researcher cannot interact with those
B)
being studied.
The researcher instructs those being
om
C) studied to be objective in providing
information.
The distance between the researcher and
.c
D) those being researched is minimized to
ep
enhance the interactive process.
pr
The traditional scientific method is not
st
7. characterized by which of the following
attributes?
te
A) Control over external factors
Systematic measurement and observation
ng
B)
of natural phenomena
Testing of hunches deduced from theory
si
C)
or prior research
ur
Emphasis on a holistic view of a
D)
phenomenon, studied in a rich context
yn
.m
8. Empiricism refers to:
Making generalizations from specific
A)
w
observations
Deducing specific predictions from
w
B)
generalizations
w
Gathering evidence about real-world
C)
phenomena through the senses
Verifying the assumptions on which the
D)
study was based
A hallmark of the scientific method is that
9.
it is:
A) Rigorous
,Chapter 1
B) Holistic
C) Systematic
D) Flexible
Which of the following limits the power
10. of the scientific method to answer
questions about human life?
The necessity of departing from
A)
traditional beliefs
The difficulty of accurately measuring
om
B)
complex human traits
The difficulty of gaining the cooperation
C)
of humans as study participants
.c
The shortage of theories about human
D)
ep
behavior
pr
The classic scientific method has its
11.
A)
st
intellectual roots in:
Positivism
te
B) Determinism
ng
C) Constructivism
D) Empiricism
si
ur
One of the criticisms of the scientific
12.
method is that it is overly:
yn
A) Logical
B) Deterministic
.m
C) Empirical
D) Reductionist
w
w
13. Naturalistic qualitative research typically:
w
A) Involves deductive processes
Attempts to control the research context to
B) better understand the phenomenon being
studied
Involves gathering narrative, subjective
C)
materials
Focuses on the idiosyncrasies of those
D)
being studied
, Chapter 1
Quantitative and qualitative research do
14.
not share which of the following features?
A desire to understand the true state of
A)
human affairs
Roots in the 19th century thought of such
B)
philosophers as Newton and Locke
A reliance on external evidence collected
C)
through the senses
D) Utility to the nursing profession
om
A descriptive question that a qualitative
15.
researcher might ask is:
.c
What are the dimensions of this
A)
ep
phenomenon?
What is the average intensity of this
B)
phenomenon?
pr
How frequently does this phenomenon
C)
st
occur?
What is the average duration of this
te
D)
phenomenon?
ng
A researcher wants to investigate the
si
16. effect of patients' body position on blood
ur
pressure. The study would most likely be:
A) Qualitative
yn
B) Quantitative
Either quantitative or qualitative
C)
.m
(researcher preference)
D) Insufficient information to determine
w
w
A researcher wants to study the process by
w
which people make decisions about
17. seeking treatment for infertility. The
researcher's paradigmatic orientation most
likely is:
A) Positivism
B) Determinism
C) Empiricism
D) Naturalism
