NUR2115- Fundamentals of Professional Nursing, Exam #1 Concept Guide

NUR2115- Fundamentals of Professional Nursing, Exam #1 Concept Guide Module 1- Wellness, Illness, Client-Centered Care and Evidence-Based Practice: Chapters 1 - 4, 13, 21, and 23 1) Types of wellness, including spiritual, physical, emotional, and sociocultural. • SPIRITUAL: Having peace and harmony in life, in congruence with values and actions. • PHYSICAL: Airway, breathing, elimination, food/drink, and mobility. • EMOTIONAL: Feelings of self-esteem, fear, sadness, loneliness, or acceptance of self. • SOCIOCULTURAL: Feelings of love and belonging. 2) Review WHO (World Health Organization) and their definition of health: Includes physical, social, and mental components and is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity 3) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs • Physiological: Physical needs, such as airway, breathing, circulation, elimination, food / drink, and mobility. • Safety: Environmental, security, housing, and climate. • Love & Belonging: Sociocultural, family, friends, and coworkers. • Esteem: Emotional, ear, sadness, loneliness, self-acceptance, and self-esteem • Self-actualization: Intellectual, having peace and harmony. 4) Evidence-based practice (EBP) Before developing a procedure, a group of nurses on a practice committee review all current research-based literature on insertion of a urinary Catheter. What type of nursing will be practiced based on this review? EVIDENCE-BASED NURSING A problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available. Blends both the science and art of nursing so that the best patient outcomes are achieved. 5) Asking Clinical Questions in PICO format Know each segment of PICO • P: Patient, population, or problem of interest • I: Intervention of interest • C: Comparison of interest • O: Outcome of interest 6) Sources of knowledge: traditional, scientific and authoritarian Traditional: Knowledge passed down from generation to generation. Scientific: Knowledge obtained through scientific method and implied through research. Authoritarian: Knowledge that comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based on the person's perceived expertise. 7) Evolution of nursing research and credible resources which can be used KNOW CREDIBLE SOURCES NOT WIWKIPEDIA. -Florence Nightingale kept objective records during the Crimean War, and later went back to see which interventions were most effective to the patients. -As advances were made in technology and medical research during the 20th century, nursing leaders realized that research about the practice of nursing was necessary to meet the health needs of modern society. -During the 1950s and 1960s, nursing research was increasingly recognized as important. Early studies provided the basis for the development of nursing practice standards and the most effective educational preparation for registered nurses. -The 1970s and 1980s focused on clinical research, with published studies of clinical interventions, such as vital signs and treatment procedures. -Credible sources: Journal articles that are peer - reviewed. Nursing research is conducted by quantitative and qualitative methodologies. 8) Common concepts in all nursing theories: Four concepts common in nursing theory that influence and determine nursing practice are (1) the person (patient), (2) the environment, (3) health, and (4) nursing. The focus of nursing, regardless of definition or theory, is the person 9) Stages of illness behavior KNOW THESE STAGE 1: EXPERIENCING SYMPTOMS STAGE 2: ASSUMING THE SICK ROLE STAGE 3: ASSUMING A DEPENDENT ROLE STAGE 4: ACHIEVING RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION 10) Health promotion and illness prevention, including primary, secondary and tertiary prevention • Primary: promoting health & preventing development of disease or injury • Immunizations • family planning • poison-control info • fall prevention education • Secondary: screening for early detection of disease for prompt diagnosis & treatment • Child wellness visits for normal growth & development, routine medical & dental checks • Tertiary: reducing disability after an illness is diagnosed & treated to help achieve maximum level of functioning • Teaching diabetic clients how to prevent diabetic foot ulcers • physical therapy to prevent contractures in an immobile patient • referral to a cancer support group after breast cancer diagnosis 11) Health People 2020 health promotion guidelines SAFETY GOALS OF HEALTHY PEOPLE 2020 -Attain high quality, longer lives, free of preventable disease, disability, injury, premature death. -Achieve high equality, eliminate disparities, improve health of all groups. -Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. -Promote quality of life, healthy development, healthy behavior across all life stages. 12) National patient safety goals 1. Improve the accuracy of patient identification. 2. Improve staff communication. 3. Improve the safety of medication administration. 4. Reduce patient harm associated with clinical alarm systems. 5. Reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections. 6. Better identify patient safety risks in the hospital. 7. Better prevent surgical mistakes 13) Roles of the professional nurse IS THE NURSE YOU'RE FRIEND? A RN IS NOT A PRESCRIBER. Caregiver, Communicator, Teacher/Educator, Counselor, Leader, Researcher, Advocate, Collaborator 14) Focus of nursing - To Promote Health - To Prevent Illness - To Restore Health - To Facilitate Coping with Disability or Death To meet these aims, the nurse uses four blended competencies: cognitive, technical, interpersonal, and ethical/legal. 15) QSEN Patient-centered care Teamwork and collaboration Quality improvement Safety Evidence Based Practice Informatics 16) Patient-centered care Recognize the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for the patient's preferences, values, and needs. 17) Steps of the nursing process and the importance of the nursing process KNOW THE STEPS AND WHAT THEY MEAN AND THE CORRECT ORDER. • Assessing: collecting, validating, & communicating patient data • Diagnosing: analyzing patient data to identify patient strengths & problems • Planning: specifying patient outcomes & related nursing interventions • Implementing: carrying out the care plan • Evaluating: measuring extent to which patient achieved outcomes 18) Competencies in nursing, including cognitive, technical, interpersonal, intrapersonal and ethical/legal • Define cognitive skills in nursing: Using critical thinking, a systematic way to form and shape one's thinking. • Define technical skills in nursing: Manipulating equipment skillfully to produce desired outcome. • Define interpersonal skills in nursing: Promoting the dignity and respect of patients and establishing relationships. • Define ethical/legal skills in nursing: Establishing a personal moral code and professional role responsibilities. 19) Review Erikson’s developmental stages QUESTIONS ON THE STAGES FOR EXAMPLE WHAT STAGE IS 15 YEAR OLD? • Trust vs. mistrust (infancy): birth to 18 months • Autonomy vs. shame and doubt (toddler): 2-3 years • Initiative vs. guilt (preschool): 3-5 years • Industry vs. inferiority (school age): 6-11 years • Identity vs. role confusion (adolescence): 12-18 years • Intimacy vs. isolation (young adulthood): 19-40 years • Generativity vs. stagnation (middle adulthood): 40-65 years • Ego integrity vs. despair (later adulthood): 65 – death 20) The aging adult (physiological changes, dementia, etc.) • Physiologic: Organ systems decline; body less efficient • Cognitive: May take longer to respond and react • Psychosocial: Self-concept is relatively stable throughout adult life • Mental impairment in older adults: Dementia, Alzheimer disease, Sundowning syndrome, Cascade iatrogenesis Module 2- Mobility, Safety, Care Coordination and Documentation: Chapters 6, 7, 11, 19, 27, and 33 1) Review techniques of safety measures Infants: • Avoid risky behaviors during pregnancy • Never leave infant unattended • Safe crib rails • Remove choking hazards • Car seat safety • Handle infant securely- supporting head & neck • Back to sleep Toddlers & Preschoolers: • Supervise child to prevent injury • Bathing, choking, poisoning • Childproof home environment • Toys for developmental age • Manifestations of neglect or abuse • Use car seats properly! • Fire safety & practice emergency evacuation measures School aged children: • Avoid potentially dangerous activities • Safety interventions at home, school, & neighborhood • Teaching about symptoms requiring immediate attention • Immunizations as scheduled • Teach bicycle safety • Teach about child abduction • Wear seatbelts Adolescents: • Safe driving- avoiding distractions • Avoidance of tobacco & alcohol • Firearm safety • Healthy lifestyle- nutrition & exercise • Teach about sexuality, STIs, & birth control • Physical exam before participating in sports • Internet associated dangers Adults: