Fundamentals of Nursing NCLEX Practice Questions Quiz Set 7 |
75 Questions
1. 1. Question
The most important nursing intervention to correct skin dryness is:
o A. Consult the dietitian about increasing the patient’s fat intake,
and take necessary measures to prevent infection.
o B. Ask the physician to refer the patient to a dermatologist, and
suggest that the patient wear home-laundered sleepwear.
o C. Encourage the patient to increase his fluid intake, use
non-irritating soap when bathing the patient, and apply lotion
to the involved areas.
o D. Avoid bathing the patient until the condition is remedied, and
notify the physician.
Incorrect
Correct Answer: C. Encourage the patient to increase his fluid
intake, use non-irritating soap when bathing the patient, and
apply lotion to the involved areas.
Dry skin will eventually crack, ranking the patient more prone to
infection. To prevent this, the nurse should provide adequate hydration
through fluid intake, use non irritating soaps or no soap when bathing
the patient, and lubricate the patient’s skin with lotion. In most cases,
dry skin responds well to lifestyle measures, such as using moisturizers
and avoiding long, hot showers and baths. Moisturizers provide a seal
over the skin to keep water from escaping. Apply moisturizer several
times a day and after bathing.
Option B: The attending physician and dietitian may be
consulted for treatment, but home-laundered items usually are
not necessary. Natural fibers, such as cotton and silk, allow the
skin to breathe. But wool, although natural, can irritate even
normal skin. Wash clothes with detergents without dyes or
perfumes, both of which can irritate the skin.
Option C: Increasing fat intake is unnecessary. Hot, dry, indoor
air can parch sensitive skin and worsen itching and flaking. A
portable home humidifier or one attached to the furnace adds
moisture to the air inside the home. Be sure to keep the
, humidifier clean. It’s best to use cleansing creams or gentle skin
cleansers and bath or shower gels with added moisturizers.
Choose mild soaps that have added oils and fats. Avoid
deodorant and antibacterial detergents, fragrance, and alcohol.
Option D: Bathing may be limited but need not be avoided
entirely. Long showers or baths and hot water remove oils from
the skin. Limit baths or showers to five to 10 minutes and use
warm, not hot, water.
2. 2. Question
When bathing a patient’s extremities, the nurse should use long, firm
strokes from the distal to the proximal areas. This technique:
A. Provides an opportunity for skin assessment.
B. Avoids undue strain on the nurse.
C. Increases venous blood return.
D. Causes vasoconstriction and increases circulation.
Incorrect
Correct Answer: C. Increases venous blood return.
Washing from distal to proximal areas stimulates venous blood flow,
thereby preventing venous stasis. Good personal hygiene is essential
for skin health but it also has an important role in maintaining self-
esteem and quality of life. Supporting patients to maintain personal
hygiene is a fundamental aspect of nursing care.
Option A: The nurse can assess the patient’s condition
throughout the bath. Helping patients to wash and dress is
frequently delegated to junior staff, but time spent attending to a
patient’s hygiene needs is a valuable opportunity for nurses to
carry out a holistic assessment (Dougherty and Lister, 2015;
Burns and Day, 2012). It also allows time to address any concerns
patients have and provides a valuable opportunity to assess the
condition of their skin.
Option B: The nurse should feel no strain while bathing the
patient. Nurses should also discuss with patients any religious
and cultural issues relating to personal care (Dougherty and
Lister, 2015). For example, ideally, Muslim patients should be
cared for by a nurse of the same gender (Rassool, 2015), and
, Hindus may wish to wash before prayer (Dougherty and Lister,
2015).
Option D: It improves circulation but does not result in
vasoconstriction. Bed bathing is not as effective as showering or
bathing and should only be undertaken when there is no
alternative (Dougherty and Lister, 2015). If a bed bath is
required, it is important to offer patients the opportunity to
participate in their own care, which helps to maintain their
independence, self-esteem and dignity.
3. 3. Question
Vivid dreaming occurs in which stage of sleep?
A. Stage I non-REM
B. Rapid eye movement (REM) stage
C. Stage II non-REM
D. Delta stage
Incorrect
Correct Answer: B. Rapid eye movement (REM) stage
Other characteristics of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are deep
sleep (the patient cannot be awakened easily), depressed muscle tone,
and possibly irregular heart and respiratory rates. This is the stage
associated with dreaming. Interestingly, the EEG is similar to an awake
individual, but the skeletal muscles are atonic and without movement.
The exception is the eye and diaphragmatic breathing muscles, which
remain active. The breathing rate is altered though, being more erratic
and irregular. This stage usually starts 90 minutes after falling asleep,
and each of the REM cycles gets longer throughout the night. The first
period typically lasts 10 minutes, and the final one can last up to an
hour.
Option A: Non-REM sleep is a deep, restful sleep without
dreaming. This is the lightest stage of sleep and starts when
more than 50% of the alpha waves are replaced with low-
amplitude mixed-frequency (LAMF) activity. There is muscle tone
present in the skeletal muscle and breathing tends to occur at a
regular rate. This stage tends to last 1 to 5 minutes, consisting of
around 5% of the total cycle.
, Option C: This stage represents deeper sleep the heart rate and
body temperature drop. It is characterized by the presence of
sleep spindles, K-complexes, or both. These sleep spindles will
activate the superior temporal gyri, anterior cingulate, insular
cortices, and the thalamus. The K-complexes show a transition
into a deeper sleep. Stage 2 sleep lasts around 25 minutes in the
initial cycle and lengthens with each successive cycle, eventually
consisting of about 50% of total sleep.
Option D: Delta stage, or slow-wave sleep, occurs during non-
REM Stages III and IV and is often equated with quiet sleep. This
is considered the deepest stage of sleep and is characterized by
a much slower frequency with high amplitude signals known as
delta waves. This stage is the most difficult to awaken from, and
for some people, even loud noises (over 100 decibels) will not
awaken them. As people get older, they tend to spend less time
in this slow, delta wave sleep and more time stage N2 sleep. This
is the stage when the body repairs and regrows its tissues, builds
bone and muscle, and strengthens the immune system.
4. 4. Question
The natural sedative in meat and milk products (especially warm milk)
that can help induce sleep is:
A. Flurazepam
B. Temazepam
C. Methotrimeprazine
D. Tryptophan
Incorrect
Correct Answer: D. Tryptophan
Tryptophan is a natural sedative; flurazepam (Dalmane), temazepam
(Restoril), and methotrimeprazine (Levoprome) are hypnotic sedatives.
Protein foods such as milk and milk products contain the sleep-
inducing amino acid tryptophan. Having warm milk at bedtime is a
good way to work towards reaching the recommended number of
servings of Milk and Alternatives each day, and can be a comforting
way to unwind. Tryptophan is an amino acid that promotes sleep and is
found in small amounts in all protein foods. It is a precursor to the
75 Questions
1. 1. Question
The most important nursing intervention to correct skin dryness is:
o A. Consult the dietitian about increasing the patient’s fat intake,
and take necessary measures to prevent infection.
o B. Ask the physician to refer the patient to a dermatologist, and
suggest that the patient wear home-laundered sleepwear.
o C. Encourage the patient to increase his fluid intake, use
non-irritating soap when bathing the patient, and apply lotion
to the involved areas.
o D. Avoid bathing the patient until the condition is remedied, and
notify the physician.
Incorrect
Correct Answer: C. Encourage the patient to increase his fluid
intake, use non-irritating soap when bathing the patient, and
apply lotion to the involved areas.
Dry skin will eventually crack, ranking the patient more prone to
infection. To prevent this, the nurse should provide adequate hydration
through fluid intake, use non irritating soaps or no soap when bathing
the patient, and lubricate the patient’s skin with lotion. In most cases,
dry skin responds well to lifestyle measures, such as using moisturizers
and avoiding long, hot showers and baths. Moisturizers provide a seal
over the skin to keep water from escaping. Apply moisturizer several
times a day and after bathing.
Option B: The attending physician and dietitian may be
consulted for treatment, but home-laundered items usually are
not necessary. Natural fibers, such as cotton and silk, allow the
skin to breathe. But wool, although natural, can irritate even
normal skin. Wash clothes with detergents without dyes or
perfumes, both of which can irritate the skin.
Option C: Increasing fat intake is unnecessary. Hot, dry, indoor
air can parch sensitive skin and worsen itching and flaking. A
portable home humidifier or one attached to the furnace adds
moisture to the air inside the home. Be sure to keep the
, humidifier clean. It’s best to use cleansing creams or gentle skin
cleansers and bath or shower gels with added moisturizers.
Choose mild soaps that have added oils and fats. Avoid
deodorant and antibacterial detergents, fragrance, and alcohol.
Option D: Bathing may be limited but need not be avoided
entirely. Long showers or baths and hot water remove oils from
the skin. Limit baths or showers to five to 10 minutes and use
warm, not hot, water.
2. 2. Question
When bathing a patient’s extremities, the nurse should use long, firm
strokes from the distal to the proximal areas. This technique:
A. Provides an opportunity for skin assessment.
B. Avoids undue strain on the nurse.
C. Increases venous blood return.
D. Causes vasoconstriction and increases circulation.
Incorrect
Correct Answer: C. Increases venous blood return.
Washing from distal to proximal areas stimulates venous blood flow,
thereby preventing venous stasis. Good personal hygiene is essential
for skin health but it also has an important role in maintaining self-
esteem and quality of life. Supporting patients to maintain personal
hygiene is a fundamental aspect of nursing care.
Option A: The nurse can assess the patient’s condition
throughout the bath. Helping patients to wash and dress is
frequently delegated to junior staff, but time spent attending to a
patient’s hygiene needs is a valuable opportunity for nurses to
carry out a holistic assessment (Dougherty and Lister, 2015;
Burns and Day, 2012). It also allows time to address any concerns
patients have and provides a valuable opportunity to assess the
condition of their skin.
Option B: The nurse should feel no strain while bathing the
patient. Nurses should also discuss with patients any religious
and cultural issues relating to personal care (Dougherty and
Lister, 2015). For example, ideally, Muslim patients should be
cared for by a nurse of the same gender (Rassool, 2015), and
, Hindus may wish to wash before prayer (Dougherty and Lister,
2015).
Option D: It improves circulation but does not result in
vasoconstriction. Bed bathing is not as effective as showering or
bathing and should only be undertaken when there is no
alternative (Dougherty and Lister, 2015). If a bed bath is
required, it is important to offer patients the opportunity to
participate in their own care, which helps to maintain their
independence, self-esteem and dignity.
3. 3. Question
Vivid dreaming occurs in which stage of sleep?
A. Stage I non-REM
B. Rapid eye movement (REM) stage
C. Stage II non-REM
D. Delta stage
Incorrect
Correct Answer: B. Rapid eye movement (REM) stage
Other characteristics of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are deep
sleep (the patient cannot be awakened easily), depressed muscle tone,
and possibly irregular heart and respiratory rates. This is the stage
associated with dreaming. Interestingly, the EEG is similar to an awake
individual, but the skeletal muscles are atonic and without movement.
The exception is the eye and diaphragmatic breathing muscles, which
remain active. The breathing rate is altered though, being more erratic
and irregular. This stage usually starts 90 minutes after falling asleep,
and each of the REM cycles gets longer throughout the night. The first
period typically lasts 10 minutes, and the final one can last up to an
hour.
Option A: Non-REM sleep is a deep, restful sleep without
dreaming. This is the lightest stage of sleep and starts when
more than 50% of the alpha waves are replaced with low-
amplitude mixed-frequency (LAMF) activity. There is muscle tone
present in the skeletal muscle and breathing tends to occur at a
regular rate. This stage tends to last 1 to 5 minutes, consisting of
around 5% of the total cycle.
, Option C: This stage represents deeper sleep the heart rate and
body temperature drop. It is characterized by the presence of
sleep spindles, K-complexes, or both. These sleep spindles will
activate the superior temporal gyri, anterior cingulate, insular
cortices, and the thalamus. The K-complexes show a transition
into a deeper sleep. Stage 2 sleep lasts around 25 minutes in the
initial cycle and lengthens with each successive cycle, eventually
consisting of about 50% of total sleep.
Option D: Delta stage, or slow-wave sleep, occurs during non-
REM Stages III and IV and is often equated with quiet sleep. This
is considered the deepest stage of sleep and is characterized by
a much slower frequency with high amplitude signals known as
delta waves. This stage is the most difficult to awaken from, and
for some people, even loud noises (over 100 decibels) will not
awaken them. As people get older, they tend to spend less time
in this slow, delta wave sleep and more time stage N2 sleep. This
is the stage when the body repairs and regrows its tissues, builds
bone and muscle, and strengthens the immune system.
4. 4. Question
The natural sedative in meat and milk products (especially warm milk)
that can help induce sleep is:
A. Flurazepam
B. Temazepam
C. Methotrimeprazine
D. Tryptophan
Incorrect
Correct Answer: D. Tryptophan
Tryptophan is a natural sedative; flurazepam (Dalmane), temazepam
(Restoril), and methotrimeprazine (Levoprome) are hypnotic sedatives.
Protein foods such as milk and milk products contain the sleep-
inducing amino acid tryptophan. Having warm milk at bedtime is a
good way to work towards reaching the recommended number of
servings of Milk and Alternatives each day, and can be a comforting
way to unwind. Tryptophan is an amino acid that promotes sleep and is
found in small amounts in all protein foods. It is a precursor to the
