NCLEX-RN Practice Quiz Test Bank #12 (75
Questions)
1. 1. Question
Among the following signs and symptoms, which would most likely be
present in a client with mitral regurgitation?
o A. Altered level of consciousness
o B. Exertional Dyspnea
o C. Increase creatine phosphokinase concentration
o D. Chest pain
Incorrect
Correct Answer: B. Exertional Dyspnea
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is defined as an abnormal reversal of blood
flow from the left ventricle (LV) to the left atrium (LA). Weight gain due
to retention of fluids and worsening heart failure causes exertional
dyspnea in clients with mitral regurgitation. The patient will usually
complain of significant dyspnea at rest, exacerbated in the supine
position, as well as cough with clear or pink, frothy sputum.
Option A: An altered level of consciousness does not occur in
clients with mitral regurgitation. Physical examination may reveal
altered mental status, tachycardia (or bradycardia if there is
ischemic involvement of the conduction system), hypotension,
tachypnea, hypoxemia, and cyanosis.
Option C: Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is an enzyme in the
body. It is found mainly in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle.
High levels of CPK may be seen in people who have brain injury,
convulsions, heart attack, myocarditis, and myopathy.
Option D: The client feels no chest pain, but may feel
palpitations as a result of chronic atrial dilatation. They may also
endorse symptoms associated with myocardial ischemia, such as
chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, shoulders, or upper
extremities, nausea, and diaphoresis.
2. 2. Question
, Kris with a history of chronic infection of the urinary system complains
of urinary frequency and burning sensation. To figure out whether the
current problem is of renal origin, the nurse should assess whether the
client has discomfort or pain in the:
A. Urinary meatus
B. Pain in the labium
C. Suprapubic area
D. Right or left costovertebral angle
Incorrect
Correct Answer: D. Right or left costovertebral angle
Discomfort or pain is a problem that originates in the kidney. It is felt
at the costovertebral angle on the affected side. Flank or
costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness is most commonly unilateral
over the involved kidney, although bilateral discomfort may be
present. Discomfort varies from absent to severe. This finding is
usually not subtle and may be elicited with mild or moderately firm
palpation.
Option A: Pain or discomfort in the urinary meatus can also be
indicative of urethritis or acute urinary tract infection. In both
men and women, common causes of urethral pain include
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as chlamydia, local
irritation from soaps or spermicides, and urinary tract infections
(UTIs). In men, prostatitis isn’t an uncommon cause, whereas in
women, vaginal dryness due to menopause can be an issue.
Option B: Pain in the labium can be due to a swollen labia or
vulva. Chronic yeast infections and bacterial infections can both
cause pain that ranges from mild discomfort and itching to
severe burning or throbbing. Viral and bacterial infections, such
as bacterial vaginosis and the herpes simplex virus, can also
cause vulvar pain or discomfort.
Option C: Suprapubic pain has a wide variety of causes, and can
include pyelonephritis, perinephric abscess, and nephrolithiasis.
Gynecological causes are common with suprapubic pain.
Suprapubic pain happens in the lower abdomen near where the
hips and many important organs, such as the intestines, bladder,
and genitals, are located. Suprapubic pain can have a wide
, variety of causes, so the doctor may need to do tests of vital
functions before diagnosing the underlying cause.
3. 3. Question
Nurse Perry is evaluating the renal function of a male client. After
documenting urine volume and characteristics, Nurse Perry assesses
which signs as the best indicator of renal function.
A. Blood pressure
B. Consciousness
C. Distension of the bladder
D. Pulse rate
Incorrect
Correct Answer: A. Blood pressure
Perfusion can be best estimated by blood pressure, which is an indirect
reflection of the adequacy of cardiac output. Over time, uncontrolled
high blood pressure can cause arteries around the kidneys to narrow,
weaken or harden. These damaged arteries are not able to deliver
enough blood to the kidney tissue. Damaged kidney arteries do not
filter blood well. Kidneys have small, finger-like nephrons that filter the
blood.
Option B: Consciousness is not an indicator of renal function.
Administration of medications that can alter consciousness may
have an effect on renal function, according to studies conducted
by The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
During consciousness, maximal renal vasodilation by papaverine
or acetylcholine did not increase UNaV or fractional Na excretion.
Option C: Checking the distention of the bladder is not an
accurate indicator of renal function. It mostly indicates an
obstruction or a loss of tone in the bladder muscles that fail to
detect increased pressure exerted by urine. It is usually
associated with pain and urge to urinate. Bladder catheterization
should be performed.
Option D: Individuals with a high resting heart rate and a low
beat-to-beat heart rate variability have an increased risk of
developing kidney disease, according to a new study by the
American Society of Nephrology. However, it is not the most
accurate indicator of renal function.
, 4. 4. Question
John suddenly experiences a seizure, and Nurse Gina notices that John
exhibits uncontrollable jerking movements. Nurse Gina documents that
John experienced which type of seizure?
A. Tonic seizure
B. Absence seizure
C. Myoclonic seizure
D. Clonic seizure
Incorrect
Correct Answer: C. Myoclonic seizure
Myoclonic seizure is characterized by sudden uncontrollable jerking
movements of a single or multiple muscle group. Myoclonus is defined
as rapid, brief, jerky, or shock-like movements involving muscle or
group of muscles. Among all hyperkinetic movement disorders,
Myoclonus is considered to be the most rapid and brief. When caused
by sudden muscle contraction, it is known as “positive myoclonus,”
while a brief loss of muscular tone results in “negative myoclonus” as
in asterixis.
Option A: A tonic seizure causes a sudden stiffness or tension in
the muscles of the arms, legs, or trunk. The stiffness lasts about
20 seconds and is most likely to happen during sleep. After the
seizure, the client may feel tired or confused.
Option B: An absence seizure causes the client to blank out or
stare into space for a few seconds. They are also called petit mal
seizures. Absence seizures are most common in children and
typically don’t cause any long-term problems.
Option D: Clonic seizures are characterized by repeated jerking
movements of the arms and legs on one or both sides of the
body, sometimes with numbness or tingling. If it is a focal
(partial) seizure, the client may be aware of what’s happening.
During a generalized seizure, the client may be unconscious.
5. 5. Question
Smoking cessation is a critical strategy for the client with Buerger’s
disease, Nurse Jasmin anticipates that the male client will go home
with a prescription for which medication?
Questions)
1. 1. Question
Among the following signs and symptoms, which would most likely be
present in a client with mitral regurgitation?
o A. Altered level of consciousness
o B. Exertional Dyspnea
o C. Increase creatine phosphokinase concentration
o D. Chest pain
Incorrect
Correct Answer: B. Exertional Dyspnea
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is defined as an abnormal reversal of blood
flow from the left ventricle (LV) to the left atrium (LA). Weight gain due
to retention of fluids and worsening heart failure causes exertional
dyspnea in clients with mitral regurgitation. The patient will usually
complain of significant dyspnea at rest, exacerbated in the supine
position, as well as cough with clear or pink, frothy sputum.
Option A: An altered level of consciousness does not occur in
clients with mitral regurgitation. Physical examination may reveal
altered mental status, tachycardia (or bradycardia if there is
ischemic involvement of the conduction system), hypotension,
tachypnea, hypoxemia, and cyanosis.
Option C: Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is an enzyme in the
body. It is found mainly in the heart, brain, and skeletal muscle.
High levels of CPK may be seen in people who have brain injury,
convulsions, heart attack, myocarditis, and myopathy.
Option D: The client feels no chest pain, but may feel
palpitations as a result of chronic atrial dilatation. They may also
endorse symptoms associated with myocardial ischemia, such as
chest pain radiating to the neck, jaw, shoulders, or upper
extremities, nausea, and diaphoresis.
2. 2. Question
, Kris with a history of chronic infection of the urinary system complains
of urinary frequency and burning sensation. To figure out whether the
current problem is of renal origin, the nurse should assess whether the
client has discomfort or pain in the:
A. Urinary meatus
B. Pain in the labium
C. Suprapubic area
D. Right or left costovertebral angle
Incorrect
Correct Answer: D. Right or left costovertebral angle
Discomfort or pain is a problem that originates in the kidney. It is felt
at the costovertebral angle on the affected side. Flank or
costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness is most commonly unilateral
over the involved kidney, although bilateral discomfort may be
present. Discomfort varies from absent to severe. This finding is
usually not subtle and may be elicited with mild or moderately firm
palpation.
Option A: Pain or discomfort in the urinary meatus can also be
indicative of urethritis or acute urinary tract infection. In both
men and women, common causes of urethral pain include
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) such as chlamydia, local
irritation from soaps or spermicides, and urinary tract infections
(UTIs). In men, prostatitis isn’t an uncommon cause, whereas in
women, vaginal dryness due to menopause can be an issue.
Option B: Pain in the labium can be due to a swollen labia or
vulva. Chronic yeast infections and bacterial infections can both
cause pain that ranges from mild discomfort and itching to
severe burning or throbbing. Viral and bacterial infections, such
as bacterial vaginosis and the herpes simplex virus, can also
cause vulvar pain or discomfort.
Option C: Suprapubic pain has a wide variety of causes, and can
include pyelonephritis, perinephric abscess, and nephrolithiasis.
Gynecological causes are common with suprapubic pain.
Suprapubic pain happens in the lower abdomen near where the
hips and many important organs, such as the intestines, bladder,
and genitals, are located. Suprapubic pain can have a wide
, variety of causes, so the doctor may need to do tests of vital
functions before diagnosing the underlying cause.
3. 3. Question
Nurse Perry is evaluating the renal function of a male client. After
documenting urine volume and characteristics, Nurse Perry assesses
which signs as the best indicator of renal function.
A. Blood pressure
B. Consciousness
C. Distension of the bladder
D. Pulse rate
Incorrect
Correct Answer: A. Blood pressure
Perfusion can be best estimated by blood pressure, which is an indirect
reflection of the adequacy of cardiac output. Over time, uncontrolled
high blood pressure can cause arteries around the kidneys to narrow,
weaken or harden. These damaged arteries are not able to deliver
enough blood to the kidney tissue. Damaged kidney arteries do not
filter blood well. Kidneys have small, finger-like nephrons that filter the
blood.
Option B: Consciousness is not an indicator of renal function.
Administration of medications that can alter consciousness may
have an effect on renal function, according to studies conducted
by The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.
During consciousness, maximal renal vasodilation by papaverine
or acetylcholine did not increase UNaV or fractional Na excretion.
Option C: Checking the distention of the bladder is not an
accurate indicator of renal function. It mostly indicates an
obstruction or a loss of tone in the bladder muscles that fail to
detect increased pressure exerted by urine. It is usually
associated with pain and urge to urinate. Bladder catheterization
should be performed.
Option D: Individuals with a high resting heart rate and a low
beat-to-beat heart rate variability have an increased risk of
developing kidney disease, according to a new study by the
American Society of Nephrology. However, it is not the most
accurate indicator of renal function.
, 4. 4. Question
John suddenly experiences a seizure, and Nurse Gina notices that John
exhibits uncontrollable jerking movements. Nurse Gina documents that
John experienced which type of seizure?
A. Tonic seizure
B. Absence seizure
C. Myoclonic seizure
D. Clonic seizure
Incorrect
Correct Answer: C. Myoclonic seizure
Myoclonic seizure is characterized by sudden uncontrollable jerking
movements of a single or multiple muscle group. Myoclonus is defined
as rapid, brief, jerky, or shock-like movements involving muscle or
group of muscles. Among all hyperkinetic movement disorders,
Myoclonus is considered to be the most rapid and brief. When caused
by sudden muscle contraction, it is known as “positive myoclonus,”
while a brief loss of muscular tone results in “negative myoclonus” as
in asterixis.
Option A: A tonic seizure causes a sudden stiffness or tension in
the muscles of the arms, legs, or trunk. The stiffness lasts about
20 seconds and is most likely to happen during sleep. After the
seizure, the client may feel tired or confused.
Option B: An absence seizure causes the client to blank out or
stare into space for a few seconds. They are also called petit mal
seizures. Absence seizures are most common in children and
typically don’t cause any long-term problems.
Option D: Clonic seizures are characterized by repeated jerking
movements of the arms and legs on one or both sides of the
body, sometimes with numbness or tingling. If it is a focal
(partial) seizure, the client may be aware of what’s happening.
During a generalized seizure, the client may be unconscious.
5. 5. Question
Smoking cessation is a critical strategy for the client with Buerger’s
disease, Nurse Jasmin anticipates that the male client will go home
with a prescription for which medication?
