NURS 355 Final Exam / NURS355 Exam final
solution guide, Answered.
A nurse is assessing a set of 15-year-old identical twins who respond very differently to stress. One
twin becomes anxious and irritable, and the other withdraws and cries. How should the nurse explain
these different stress responses to the parents
a. Reactions to stress are relative rather than absolute; individual responses to stress vary.
b. It is abnormal for identical twins to react differently to similar stressors.
c. Identical twins should share the same temperament and respond similarly to stress.
d. Environmental influences to stress weigh more heavily than genetic influences. - a.
Reactions to stress are relative rather than absolute; individual responses to stress vary
The nurse should explain to the parents that, although the twins have identical DNA, there are
several other factors that affect reactions to stress. Mental health is a state of being that is relative to
the individual client. Environmental influences and temperament can affect stress reactions.
A fourth-grade boy teases and makes jokes about a cute girl in his class. This behavior should be
identified by a nurse as indicative of which defense mechanism?
a.
Displacement
b.
Projection
c.
Reaction formation
d.
Sublimation - c.
Reaction formation
The nurse should identify that the boy is using reaction formation as a defense mechanism. Reaction
formation is the attempt to prevent undesirable thoughts from being expressed by expressing
opposite thoughts or behaviors. Displacement refers to transferring feelings from one target to
another. Rationalization refers to making excuses to justify behavior. Projection refers to the
attribution of unacceptable feelings or behaviors to another person. Sublimation refers to channeling
unacceptable drives or impulses into more constructive, acceptable activities.
Which nursing statement about the concept of neurosis is most accurate?
a.
An individual experiencing neurosis is unaware that he or she is experiencing distress.
,b.
An individual experiencing neurosis feels helpless to change his or her situation.
c.
An individual neurosis is aware of psychological causes of his or her behavior.
d.
An individual experiencing neurosis has a loss of contact with reality. - b.
An individual experiencing neurosis feels helpless to change his or her situation.
The nurse should define the concept of neurosis with the following characteristics: The client feels
helpless to change his or her situation, the client is aware that he or she is experiencing distress, the
client is aware the behaviors are maladaptive, the client is unaware of the psychological causes of
the distress, and the client experiences no loss of contact with reality.
How would a nurse best complete the new DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder? "A health
condition characterized by significant dysfunction in an individual's cognitions, or behaviors that
reflects a disturbance in the:
a.
psychosoical, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning."
b.
psychological, cognitive, or developmental process underlying mental functioning."
c.
psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning."
d.
psychological, biological, or psychosocial process underlying mental functioning." - c.
psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning."
"A health condition characterized by significant dysfunction in an individual's cognitions, or
behaviors that reflects a disturbance in the psychological, biological, or developmental process
underlying mental functioning", is the new DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder.
A 9-month-old child screams every time his mother leaves and will not tolerate anyone else
changing his diaper. The nurse should determine that, according to Mahler's developmental theory,
this child's development was arrested at which phase?
a.
The autistic phase
b.
The symbiotic phase
c.
The separation-individuation phase
d.
,The rapprochement phase - b.
The symbiotic phase
The nurse should understand that this client's development was halted in the symbiotic phase of
Mahler's developmental theory, which usually occurs between 1 and 5 months of age. The child has
not entered into the separation-individuation phase of development, in which a child establishes the
understanding of being separate from the mother.
When assessing clients, a psychiatric nurse should understand that psychoanalytic theory is based on
which underlying concept?
a.
A possible genetic basis for the client's problems
b.
The structure and dynamics of the personality
c.
Behavioral responses to stressors
d.
Maladaptive cognitions - b.
The structure and dynamics of the personality
The nurse should understand that psychoanalytic theory is based on the underlying concepts of the
structure and dynamics of personality. Psychoanalytic theory was developed by Sigmund Freud and
explains the structure of personality in three different components: the id, the ego, and the superego.
Which underlying concept should a nurse associate with interpersonal theory when assessing a
client?
a.
The effects of social processes on personality development
b.
The effects of unconscious processes and personality structures
c.
The effects on thoughts and perceptual processes
d.
The effects of chemical and genetic influences - a.
The effects of social processes on personality development
The nurse should associate interpersonal theory with the underlying concept of effects of social
process on personality development. Sullivan developed stages of personality development based on
his theory of interpersonal relationships and their effect on personality and individual behavior.
, A father of a 5-year-old demeans and curses his child for disobedience. In turn, when upset, the child
uses swear words at kindergarten. A school nurse recognizes this behavior as unsuccessful
completion of which stage of development, according to Peplau?
a.
Learning to count on others
b.
Learning to delay satisfaction
c.
Identifying oneself
d.
Developing skills in participation - c.
Identifying oneself
The nurse should identify that the child using swear words in kindergarten has not successfully
completed the identifying oneself stage, according to Peplau's interpersonal theory. During this stage
of early childhood, a child learns to structure self-concept by observing how other interact with him
or her.
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is quarrelsome, opinionated, and has little regard for
others. According to Sullivan's interpersonal theory, the nurse should associate the client's behaviors
with a pervious deficit in which stage of development?
a.
Infancy
b.
Childhood
c.
Early adolescence
d.
Late adolescence - b.
Childhood
The nurse should associate the client's behavior with a deficit in the childhood stage of Sullivan's
interpersonal theory. The childhood stage in Sullivan's interpersonal theory typically occurs from 18
months to 6 years of age, during which the child learns to experience a delay in personal gratification
without undue anxiety.
A depressed client states, "I have a chemical imbalance in my brain. I have no control over my
behavior. Medications are my only hope to feel normal again." Which nursing response is
appropriate?
solution guide, Answered.
A nurse is assessing a set of 15-year-old identical twins who respond very differently to stress. One
twin becomes anxious and irritable, and the other withdraws and cries. How should the nurse explain
these different stress responses to the parents
a. Reactions to stress are relative rather than absolute; individual responses to stress vary.
b. It is abnormal for identical twins to react differently to similar stressors.
c. Identical twins should share the same temperament and respond similarly to stress.
d. Environmental influences to stress weigh more heavily than genetic influences. - a.
Reactions to stress are relative rather than absolute; individual responses to stress vary
The nurse should explain to the parents that, although the twins have identical DNA, there are
several other factors that affect reactions to stress. Mental health is a state of being that is relative to
the individual client. Environmental influences and temperament can affect stress reactions.
A fourth-grade boy teases and makes jokes about a cute girl in his class. This behavior should be
identified by a nurse as indicative of which defense mechanism?
a.
Displacement
b.
Projection
c.
Reaction formation
d.
Sublimation - c.
Reaction formation
The nurse should identify that the boy is using reaction formation as a defense mechanism. Reaction
formation is the attempt to prevent undesirable thoughts from being expressed by expressing
opposite thoughts or behaviors. Displacement refers to transferring feelings from one target to
another. Rationalization refers to making excuses to justify behavior. Projection refers to the
attribution of unacceptable feelings or behaviors to another person. Sublimation refers to channeling
unacceptable drives or impulses into more constructive, acceptable activities.
Which nursing statement about the concept of neurosis is most accurate?
a.
An individual experiencing neurosis is unaware that he or she is experiencing distress.
,b.
An individual experiencing neurosis feels helpless to change his or her situation.
c.
An individual neurosis is aware of psychological causes of his or her behavior.
d.
An individual experiencing neurosis has a loss of contact with reality. - b.
An individual experiencing neurosis feels helpless to change his or her situation.
The nurse should define the concept of neurosis with the following characteristics: The client feels
helpless to change his or her situation, the client is aware that he or she is experiencing distress, the
client is aware the behaviors are maladaptive, the client is unaware of the psychological causes of
the distress, and the client experiences no loss of contact with reality.
How would a nurse best complete the new DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder? "A health
condition characterized by significant dysfunction in an individual's cognitions, or behaviors that
reflects a disturbance in the:
a.
psychosoical, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning."
b.
psychological, cognitive, or developmental process underlying mental functioning."
c.
psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning."
d.
psychological, biological, or psychosocial process underlying mental functioning." - c.
psychological, biological, or developmental process underlying mental functioning."
"A health condition characterized by significant dysfunction in an individual's cognitions, or
behaviors that reflects a disturbance in the psychological, biological, or developmental process
underlying mental functioning", is the new DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder.
A 9-month-old child screams every time his mother leaves and will not tolerate anyone else
changing his diaper. The nurse should determine that, according to Mahler's developmental theory,
this child's development was arrested at which phase?
a.
The autistic phase
b.
The symbiotic phase
c.
The separation-individuation phase
d.
,The rapprochement phase - b.
The symbiotic phase
The nurse should understand that this client's development was halted in the symbiotic phase of
Mahler's developmental theory, which usually occurs between 1 and 5 months of age. The child has
not entered into the separation-individuation phase of development, in which a child establishes the
understanding of being separate from the mother.
When assessing clients, a psychiatric nurse should understand that psychoanalytic theory is based on
which underlying concept?
a.
A possible genetic basis for the client's problems
b.
The structure and dynamics of the personality
c.
Behavioral responses to stressors
d.
Maladaptive cognitions - b.
The structure and dynamics of the personality
The nurse should understand that psychoanalytic theory is based on the underlying concepts of the
structure and dynamics of personality. Psychoanalytic theory was developed by Sigmund Freud and
explains the structure of personality in three different components: the id, the ego, and the superego.
Which underlying concept should a nurse associate with interpersonal theory when assessing a
client?
a.
The effects of social processes on personality development
b.
The effects of unconscious processes and personality structures
c.
The effects on thoughts and perceptual processes
d.
The effects of chemical and genetic influences - a.
The effects of social processes on personality development
The nurse should associate interpersonal theory with the underlying concept of effects of social
process on personality development. Sullivan developed stages of personality development based on
his theory of interpersonal relationships and their effect on personality and individual behavior.
, A father of a 5-year-old demeans and curses his child for disobedience. In turn, when upset, the child
uses swear words at kindergarten. A school nurse recognizes this behavior as unsuccessful
completion of which stage of development, according to Peplau?
a.
Learning to count on others
b.
Learning to delay satisfaction
c.
Identifying oneself
d.
Developing skills in participation - c.
Identifying oneself
The nurse should identify that the child using swear words in kindergarten has not successfully
completed the identifying oneself stage, according to Peplau's interpersonal theory. During this stage
of early childhood, a child learns to structure self-concept by observing how other interact with him
or her.
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is quarrelsome, opinionated, and has little regard for
others. According to Sullivan's interpersonal theory, the nurse should associate the client's behaviors
with a pervious deficit in which stage of development?
a.
Infancy
b.
Childhood
c.
Early adolescence
d.
Late adolescence - b.
Childhood
The nurse should associate the client's behavior with a deficit in the childhood stage of Sullivan's
interpersonal theory. The childhood stage in Sullivan's interpersonal theory typically occurs from 18
months to 6 years of age, during which the child learns to experience a delay in personal gratification
without undue anxiety.
A depressed client states, "I have a chemical imbalance in my brain. I have no control over my
behavior. Medications are my only hope to feel normal again." Which nursing response is
appropriate?
