Summary NR 324 Adult Health I Final Exam Review.pdf

GI tract Highlights: Mouth to Anus; ● Mouth: mastication and breakdown of starches by salivary amylase ● Pharyn and Esophagus: During swallowing, epiglottis closes oI laryn ; Upper ⅓ of esophagus is skeletal muscle and distal ⅔ is smooth muscle, LES ● Stomach: churning and mi ing food; intrinsic factors for B12 absorption; very little absorption happens; HCL acid makes gastric juices acidic 1.5-3.5, Pyloric sphincter to Duodenum ● Small Intestines: Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum; Main function is digestion and absorption; ileocecal valve to colon ● Large Intestines: water and electrolyte absorption; forms feces 1. Crohn’s Disease- ERIN ● Disease Highlights: Form of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) that can be found in any segment of the GI tract; Highest risk factor is FH ; Autoimmune disease where the pt’s intestinal tract is attacked causing tissue destruction; Environmental risk factors are smoking, diet (high fat), and stress; Using NSAIDs, antibiotics, oral contraceptives also increase risks ● D : Skif i Paľľern Lesions; Involves all layers of bowel wall aIected; usually occurs in the distal ileum and pro imal colon; fistulas and peritonitis is common; CHRONIC; CBC, Occult blood, Imaging studies (CT, Ultrasound, MRI), HCP to see damage and biopsy, Capsule endoscope ● S/S: Diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, fatigue, blood in stool (rare), mild anemia, dehydration, rapid weight loss (10% of body weight), tachycardia ● Complication: Systemic complication- (Pg 941) abscesses; CDI, Bowel obstruction, Bowel perforation