BIO 1070
MIDTERM 2
REVIEW Q & A
o Biodiversity: -Number of species in a specific area, variability b/w species, # of species in
a taxonomic group or clade, # of ecological roles filled by organisms in an area,
variability within species
o Variation: differences among individuals within a population
o Diversity: # of species in an area/taxon/clade (also species richness)
o Disparity: how different species are from each other
o Speciation: formation of new species
o Cladogenesis: an ancestral species splitting or branching into two descendant species
o Species: group of actually/ potentially interbreeding natural populations that
are reproductively isolated from other such groups
o -species: # of species within a habitat
o Fundamental Niche: all the possible dimensions in which a species can survive
in principle
o Realized Niche: the dimensions in which a species actually survives after the effects
of biotic interactions
o Biosphere: regions in the Earth’s crust, waters and atmosphere inhabited by living things
o Ecosystem: a community plus the physical environment
o Community: interacting populations
o Population: organisms of the same species
o Organism: an individual; complex individual composed of organ systems
o Organ System: composed of several organs working together
o Organ: composed of tissues functioning to achieve a specific task
, BIO 1070
MIDTERM 2
REVIEW Q & A
o Tissue: a group of cells with a common structure and function
o Cell: composed of many molecules; structural and functional unit of all living things
o Molecule: unions of two or more atoms
o Atom: smallest unit of an element composed of electrons, protons and neutrons
Notes:
LECTURE EIGHT
What Determines Global Biodiversity?
o The net outcomes of two opposing processes:
-Diversification: through separation
-Extinction: loss of diversity
o Can’t explain diversity of life without understanding components
How Do New Species Form?
o Formation of new species is called speciation
MIDTERM 2
REVIEW Q & A
o Biodiversity: -Number of species in a specific area, variability b/w species, # of species in
a taxonomic group or clade, # of ecological roles filled by organisms in an area,
variability within species
o Variation: differences among individuals within a population
o Diversity: # of species in an area/taxon/clade (also species richness)
o Disparity: how different species are from each other
o Speciation: formation of new species
o Cladogenesis: an ancestral species splitting or branching into two descendant species
o Species: group of actually/ potentially interbreeding natural populations that
are reproductively isolated from other such groups
o -species: # of species within a habitat
o Fundamental Niche: all the possible dimensions in which a species can survive
in principle
o Realized Niche: the dimensions in which a species actually survives after the effects
of biotic interactions
o Biosphere: regions in the Earth’s crust, waters and atmosphere inhabited by living things
o Ecosystem: a community plus the physical environment
o Community: interacting populations
o Population: organisms of the same species
o Organism: an individual; complex individual composed of organ systems
o Organ System: composed of several organs working together
o Organ: composed of tissues functioning to achieve a specific task
, BIO 1070
MIDTERM 2
REVIEW Q & A
o Tissue: a group of cells with a common structure and function
o Cell: composed of many molecules; structural and functional unit of all living things
o Molecule: unions of two or more atoms
o Atom: smallest unit of an element composed of electrons, protons and neutrons
Notes:
LECTURE EIGHT
What Determines Global Biodiversity?
o The net outcomes of two opposing processes:
-Diversification: through separation
-Extinction: loss of diversity
o Can’t explain diversity of life without understanding components
How Do New Species Form?
o Formation of new species is called speciation
