NURS 612 AHA EXAM 1 (CHEN-WALTA REVIEW) (1)
, AHA Exam 1 (Chen-Walta review)
Normal and General: Abnormal: Normal:
Abnormal ● Chronic disease increases the burden of ■ Gingivitis: which is associated ■ The lips have increased
findings in oral disease, predisposing older adults to with plaque, hormonal changes, or verticalmarkings and appear
elderly oral microbial infections, pain, altered foreign-body response dryer.
mouth/pharynx taste, difficulty chewing and speaking, ■ Periodontal disease is associated with ■ The buccal mucosa is thinner,
and dysphagia. DM, PVD, cerebrovascular disease, & lessvascular, and less shiny
● Poor oral health can lead to weight loss CV disease which could be due to ■ Tongue may appear more fissures,
○ Periodontal disease is the 6th leading inflammation. This is marked by loss of andveins on its ventral surface
complication of diabetes and can inhibit alveolar bone around teeth: Oral abx and ■ Oral tissues may be dryer
glycemic control and poor glycemic control chlorhexidine can slow it but may need (xerostomia) esp with medications
can contribute to periodontal disease root surface debridement. ■ Natural teeth may be worn down,
○ Xerostomia (dry mouth) impairs oral ■ 59% of those 60-69 and 72% of shortening the crown, and altering
function, promotes tooth decay, exacerbates those70+ have less than 20 teeth enamel thickness.
periodontal disease which can be caused by remainingwhich can impact
many medications. nutritional status. Dentures does not
decrease the malnutrition.
○ Oral cancer is the 8th most common
■ Dental caries is an infection. This
cancer in men and 7x more likely in older
can spread to other organs. The use of
adults
high-fluoride toothpaste can be
○ Aspiration pna is a major cause of
beneficial.
hospitalization and results in 20-50% ■ Dental caries may be present
mortality, oral hygiene can decrease this
or deterioration of dental
incidence. restorationspresent.
○ 23% have untreated cavities and ■ Teeth may appear longer due to
70& periodontal disease
reabsorption of the gum and bone
○ 1/3 are fully edentulous (missing all progresses which reveals the teeth root.
natural teeth) or average 19 or less remaining ■ Dental malocclusion may be caused by
teeth the migration of remaining teeth after
○ 17% have orofacial pain, facial, oral extractions.
sores, burning mouth, and toothache
Exam finding ○ Otitis media with effusion ○ Acute Otitis Media
with Otitis ■ Initial symptoms: sticking or ■ Initial symptoms: abrupt onset, fever, feeling of blockage, anorexia, irritability
Media crackingsound on yawning or ■ Pain: deep-seated earache that interferes with activity or sleep, pulling at ear
swallowing; no signs of dizziness ■ Discharge: only if tympanic membrane ruptures or through tympanostomy tubes;
■ Pain: discomfort, feeling of fullness foul-smelling
■ Discharge: none ■ Hearing: conductive loss as the middle ear fills with pus
■ Hearing: conductive loss as middle ■ Inspection: tympanic membrane with distinct erythema, thickened or clouding;
ear fills with fluid bulging;limited or absent movement to positive or negative pressure, air-fluid level
■ Inspection: tympanic membrane and/or bubbles
retracted or bulging, impaired mobility,
, AHA Exam 1 (Chen-Walta review)
Normal and General: Abnormal: Normal:
Abnormal ● Chronic disease increases the burden of ■ Gingivitis: which is associated ■ The lips have increased
findings in oral disease, predisposing older adults to with plaque, hormonal changes, or verticalmarkings and appear
elderly oral microbial infections, pain, altered foreign-body response dryer.
mouth/pharynx taste, difficulty chewing and speaking, ■ Periodontal disease is associated with ■ The buccal mucosa is thinner,
and dysphagia. DM, PVD, cerebrovascular disease, & lessvascular, and less shiny
● Poor oral health can lead to weight loss CV disease which could be due to ■ Tongue may appear more fissures,
○ Periodontal disease is the 6th leading inflammation. This is marked by loss of andveins on its ventral surface
complication of diabetes and can inhibit alveolar bone around teeth: Oral abx and ■ Oral tissues may be dryer
glycemic control and poor glycemic control chlorhexidine can slow it but may need (xerostomia) esp with medications
can contribute to periodontal disease root surface debridement. ■ Natural teeth may be worn down,
○ Xerostomia (dry mouth) impairs oral ■ 59% of those 60-69 and 72% of shortening the crown, and altering
function, promotes tooth decay, exacerbates those70+ have less than 20 teeth enamel thickness.
periodontal disease which can be caused by remainingwhich can impact
many medications. nutritional status. Dentures does not
decrease the malnutrition.
○ Oral cancer is the 8th most common
■ Dental caries is an infection. This
cancer in men and 7x more likely in older
can spread to other organs. The use of
adults
high-fluoride toothpaste can be
○ Aspiration pna is a major cause of
beneficial.
hospitalization and results in 20-50% ■ Dental caries may be present
mortality, oral hygiene can decrease this
or deterioration of dental
incidence. restorationspresent.
○ 23% have untreated cavities and ■ Teeth may appear longer due to
70& periodontal disease
reabsorption of the gum and bone
○ 1/3 are fully edentulous (missing all progresses which reveals the teeth root.
natural teeth) or average 19 or less remaining ■ Dental malocclusion may be caused by
teeth the migration of remaining teeth after
○ 17% have orofacial pain, facial, oral extractions.
sores, burning mouth, and toothache
Exam finding ○ Otitis media with effusion ○ Acute Otitis Media
with Otitis ■ Initial symptoms: sticking or ■ Initial symptoms: abrupt onset, fever, feeling of blockage, anorexia, irritability
Media crackingsound on yawning or ■ Pain: deep-seated earache that interferes with activity or sleep, pulling at ear
swallowing; no signs of dizziness ■ Discharge: only if tympanic membrane ruptures or through tympanostomy tubes;
■ Pain: discomfort, feeling of fullness foul-smelling
■ Discharge: none ■ Hearing: conductive loss as the middle ear fills with pus
■ Hearing: conductive loss as middle ■ Inspection: tympanic membrane with distinct erythema, thickened or clouding;
ear fills with fluid bulging;limited or absent movement to positive or negative pressure, air-fluid level
■ Inspection: tympanic membrane and/or bubbles
retracted or bulging, impaired mobility,
