Nursing Theories And Nursing Practice (Parker, Nursing Theories And Nursing Practice) 4th Edition

Nursing Theories And Nursing Practice 4th Edition By Smith Parker – Test Bank Chapter 1: Nursing Theory and the Discipline of Nursing Multiple Choice 1. The purpose of theory is to: 2. Explain experience. 3. Describe relationships. 4. Project outcomes. 5. All of the above 2. Members of a community of scholars share a commitment to all of the following except: 3. Values. 4. Knowledge. 5. Geographic location. 6. Processes. 3. ____________________ and ____________________ structures are essential to any discipline and are inherent in nursing theories. 4. Paradigm and metaparadigm 5. Syntactical and conceptual 6. Middle and grand 7. Language and symbol 4. Books and periodicals are examples of: 5. Communication networks. 6. Heritage of literature. 7. Nursing organizations. 8. Nursing discipline. 5. The basic building blocks of theories are: 6. Concepts and their definitions. 7. Statements of relationships. 8. Concepts and statements of relationships. 9. Empirical indicators. 6. Nursing theories: 7. Are discovered in nature. 8. Serve as exact representations of reality. 9. Are invented by humans. 10. Cannot be modified. 7. A paradigm is defined as a: 8. Worldview. 9. General framework. 10. Set of shared perspectives held by members of a discipline. 11. All of the above 8. The dependence of nursing theory development on human imagination is an attribute of nursing as a(n): 9. Occupation. 10. Discipline. 11. Vocation. 12. Profession. 9. The primary purpose of nursing theory is to: 10. Structure nursing knowledge. 11. Demonstrate creativity in nursing. 12. Guide the thinking about, being, and doing of nursing. 13. Organize nursing curricula. 10. The first nursing theorist who identified the importance of theory in nursing was: 11. Virginia Henderson. 12. Hildegard Peplau. 13. Lydia Hall. 14. Florence Nightingale. 11. The most abstract level of knowledge is the: 12. Paradigm. 13. Metaparadigm. 14. Theory. 15. Concept. 12. Statements of enduring values or beliefs are considered: 13. Conceptual models. 14. Philosophies. 15. Grand theories. 16. Practice theories. 13. Theories that include specific concepts, are broad enough to be useful in complex situations, and can be empirically tested are called: 14. Grand theories. 15. Middle-range theories. 16. Practice-level theories. 17. Nursing theories. 14. Theories that have the most limited scope and level of abstraction that are useful in within a specific range of nursing situations are called: 15. Grand theories. 16. Middle-range theories. 17. Practice-level theories. 18. Nursing theories. 15. The name for the boundaries or focus of a discipline is: 16. Imagination. 17. Domain. 18. Tradition. 19. Value. True/False 1. Every discipline has a unique focus that directs inquiry and distinguishes it from other fields of study. 2. Theories are not discovered in nature but are human inventions 3. Science generally evolves as a smooth, regular, continuing path of knowledge development over time. 4. Early nursing theorists relied on definitions of theory from nursing practice to guide the development of theories within nursing. 5. The best test of any nursing theory is its usefulness in professional practice. Chapter 2: A Guide for the Study of Theories for Practice Multiple Choice 1. The scope of nursing practice is: 2. Known and static. 3. Continually being expanded. 4. Determined only by individual researchers. 5. Important only to nurses with advanced degrees. 2. The question “What does the nurse attend to when practicing nursing?” relates to which of the following areas of the theory guide? 3. How nursing is conceptualized 4. The context of theory development 5. Authoritative sources 6. Overall theory significance 3. Nursing theorists and nurses in practice: 4. Are interested in related but different phenomena. 5. Do not see nursing in the same context. 6. Think and work with the same phenomena. 7. Require the same knowledge and skills. 4. The study of nursing theory: 5. Is a simple, short-term endeavor. 6. Can be easily undertaken. 7. Requires a continuing commitment. 8. Is not essential for expert nursing practice. 5. The question “What nursing society’s share and support work of the theory?” relates to which of the following areas of the theory guide? 6. How nursing is conceptualized 7. The context of theory development 8. Authoritative sources 9. Overall theory significance 6. The question “Is the theory used to guide programs of nursing education?” relates to which of the following areas of the theory guide? 7. How nursing is conceptualized 8. The context of theory development 9. Authoritative sources 10. Overall theory significance True/False 1. The guide for the selection of nursing theory presented in your text is a set of questions that facilitate reflection and exploration in the study of nursing theory that can lead to the selection of a nursing theory for use in your practice. 2. One criterion for hospitals seeking magnet hospital status is selection of a theoretical model for nursing practice. 3. It is not necessary or desirable for the study and use of nursing theory to have roots in the everyday practice of nursing. 4. Key ways to study nursing include analysis and evaluation. Chapter 3: Choosing, Evaluating and Implementing Nursing Theories for Practice Multiple-Choice Questions 1. The primary purpose of nursing theory is to: 2. Improve nursing practice. 3. Control health care costs. 4. Justify nursing costs. 5. Establish nursing as a discipline. 2. Nursing practice is essential for all of the following EXCEPT: 3. Developing nursing theory. 4. Testing nursing theory. 5. Refining nursing theory. 6. Discovering nursing theory. 3. Nurses working together as colleagues often realize that: 4. Their views of nursing are not compatible. 5. They share the same values and beliefs. 6. The study of nursing theory does not enhance their work. 7. None of the above 4. Responses to guiding questions about theory in practice can be found in the following resources: 5. Nursing literature 6. Audiovisual sources 7. Electronic sources 8. All of the above 5. How we come to know the science of nursing and other disciplines that are used in nursing practice is described as: 6. Empirical knowing. 7. Personal knowing. 8. Emancipatory knowing. 9. Aesthetic knowing. 6. How we come to know the moral component affecting choices within the complexity of health care that guide day-to-day actions in nursing practice is described as: 7. Empirical knowing. 8. Personal knowing. 9. Ethical knowing. 10. Emancipatory knowing. 7. Striving to know the self and to actualize authentic relationships between the nurse and the one nursed is defined as: 8. Empirical knowing. 9. Personal knowing. 10. Ethical knowing. 11. Aesthetic knowing. 8. Cultivating awareness about how social, political and economic forces shape assumptions and opinions about knowledge and truth is defined as: 9. Personal knowing. 10. Ethical knowing. 11. Emancipatory knowing. 12. Aesthetic knowing. True/False 1. One of the most urgent issues facing the discipline of nursing is the artificial separation of theory and practice. 2. Theories of any professional discipline are useless if they do not have an impact on practice. 3. Historically, nursing has always been distinctly separate from the medical model. Chapter 4: Florence Nightingale Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Nightingale proposed nursing as: 2. An extension of the environment. 3. An art and a science. 4. Empirical science. 5. Physician’s handmaiden. 2. Nightingale defined a nurse as any woman who had “charge of the personal health of somebody” whether well, as in caring for babies and children, or sick, as an “invalid” (Nightingale, 1860/1969). It was assumed that: 3. All women, at one time or another in their lives, would nurse. 4. All women needed to know the laws of health. 5. Nursing proper, or “sick” nursing, was both an art and a science and required organized, formal education to care for those suffering from disease. 6. All of the above 3. The goal of nursing as described by Nightingale is to: 4. Work collaboratively with the physician to implement the medical orders. 5. Take care of the patient’s environment by cooking, cleaning, and scrubbing the floors. 6. Assist the patient in his or her retention of “vital powers” by meeting his or her needs, thus putting the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon. 7. Give the patient medicine when the medicine is due. 4. Nightingale isolated five environmental components essential to an individual’s health. Select the correct grouping from the following: 5. Calming colors, quiet, comfortable temperature, clean air, pure water 6. Clean air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanliness, light 7. Light, color, sound, smell, temperature 8. Pure food, clean water, cleanliness, quiet, calming color 5. In Nightingale’s mind, the specific “scientific” activity of nursing that was the central element in health care, without which medicine and surgery would be ineffective, is which of the following: 6. Preparing nutritious meals 7. Maintaining an aesthetic environment 8. Maintaining hygiene 9. Sustaining a quiet environment 6. In the mid-19th century, there were two competing theories regarding the nature and origin of disease. These competing thoeries were: 7. Localization and specificity. 8. Contagionism and quarantine. 9. Vectorism and pollution. 10. Atmosphere and environment. 7. According to Nightingale, a nurse is defined as: 8. The handmaiden of the physician. 9. A member of the moral majority. 10. Any woman who had charge of the personal health of somebody, whether well or sick. 11. An individual who felt a calling to take charge of the sick. 8. The patient is at the center of the Nightingale model and incorporates: 9. A holistic view of the person. 10. Psychological, intellectual, and spiritual components. 11. A unique individual filled with chattering hopes and advice. 12. A & B 13. All of the above. 9. According to Nightingale, health is viewed as: 10. An additive process. 11. The result of environmental, physical, and psychological factors. 12. The absence of illness. 13. A & B 14. All of the above 10. Cultural feminism is defined as: 11. The idea that women are a product of the culture. 12. A belief in inherent gender differences. 13. The emancipation of women as a cultural fad. 14. The corruption of women by masculine politics. Chapter 5: Wiedenbach, Henderson, Hall Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Wiedenbach explains her prescriptive theory in her book, Meeting the Realities in Clinical Teaching (1969). Select the answer that represents the BEST explanation of her perspective theory. 2. Nursing process allows the nurse to employ a standard process in selecting appropriate interventions. 3. Account must be taken of the motivating factors that influence the nurse not only in doing what she does but also in doing it the way she does it with the realities that exist in the situation in which she is functioning. 4. This theory proposes 14 functional components of basic nursing care. 5. Nursing entails the diagnosis and treatment of illness. 2. Wiedenbach proposes that there are three ingredients essential to the prescriptive theory. Select the ONE answer that is NOT one of these essential ingredients. 3. The nurse’s central purpose in nursing is the nurse’s professional commitment. 4. The prescription indicates the broad general action that the nurse deems appropriate to fulfillment of her central purpose. 5. The reality of nursing is that the charge of the nurse is to implement the orders prescribed by the physician. 6. The realities are the aspects of the immediate nursing situation that influence the results the nurse achieves through what she does. 3. Which of the following theorists coined the term “basic nursing care”? 4. Wiedenbach 5. Henderson 6. Hall 7. None of the above. 4. Which of the following theorists founded the Loeb Center? 5. Wiedenbach 6. Henderson 7. Hall 8. None of the above. 5. Based on the assumption that nursing has a unique function, Henderson believed which of the following? 6. Nursing functions to follow and implement the prescribed regimen of the physician. 7. Nursing independently initiates and controls activities related to basic nursing care. 8. It is not necessary to limit nursing activities to nursing care because nurses should be responsive to all patient needs. 9. All of the above 6. Henderson identified 14 components of basic nursing care that reflect needs pertaining to personal hygiene and healthful living. These components of basic nursing care include all of the following EXCEPT: 7. Move and maintain desirable postures. 8. Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinions. 9. Do not involve the patient in decisions of care so that the patient may get better rest. 10. Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health and use the available health facilities. 7. In 1990 the Sigma Theta Tau (International Honor Society of Nursing) library was named in honor of which of the following nursing theorists? 8. Nightingale 9. Wiedenbach 10. Orlando 11. Henderson 8. Wiedenbach, Henderson, and Hall made a significant impact on nursing theory in the 20th Century because they each: 9. Examined nursing practice and explored nurse–patient interactions. 10. Used nursing practice as the basis for their theory development. 11. Defined ways nursing is thought about, practiced, and research. 12. A & C 13. All of the above 9. Lydia Hall drew on her expertise of which of the following practice areas in developing her Care, Cure, and Core Model? 10. Critical care 11. Pediatrics 12. Rehabilitation 13. Gerontology True/False 1. A significant value of the contributions of Wiedenbach, Henderson, and Hall is that each of them was concerned with the unique aspects of nursing’s supportive role to physician medical practice. 2. 2. Lydia Hall believed CARE was the sole function of nurses, whereas CORE and CURE were shared with other members of the health team. Chapter 6: Nurse-Patient Relationship Theories: Peplau, Travelbee and Orlando Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Peplau’s 1952 publication, Interpersonal Relations in Nursing, presented her framework for the practice of psychiatric nursing. The publication: 2. Resulted in a paradigm shift in this field of nursing. 3. Presented revolutionary ideas. 4. Was not well received when it was first published. 5. All of the above 2. All of the following were identified as components of the nurse–patient relationship by Peplau EXCEPT: 3. Professional expertise. 4. Socialization skills. 5. Patient need. 6. Individuals (nurse & patient). 3. Peplau viewed nursing interventions as those that: 4. Supported the implementation of physician medical orders. 5. Reflected the wants and desires of the patient. 6. Are soundly based on biomedical knowledge. 7. Assisted patients in gaining interpersonal and intellectual competencies evolved through the nurse–patient relationship. 4. Forchuk’s research of Peplau’s nurse–patient relationship was focused on which phase of the nurse–patient relationship? 5. Orientation Phase 6. Working Phase 7. Resolution Phase 8. Revolution Phase 5. Which of the following statements best describes Peplau’s Working Phase? 6. Establishment of trust between the nurse and the patient 7. Continual movement from dependence to independence 8. Balance between dependence and independence 9. Development of future sources of support 6. Which of the following is NOT one of Travelbee’s stages of nursing care? 7. Observation 8. Implementation 9. Interpretation 10. Appraisal 7. What factors are involved in the implementation of the human-to-human relationship model according to Travelbee? 8. Establishing 9. Maintaining 10. Terminating 11. All of the above 8. According to Travelbee, dehumanization occurs when: 9. The ill person is left alone to find meaning to his illness experience. 10. The term patient is used to label or categorize a person. 11. One treats the ill person with an emotional detachment. 12. All of the above 9. The nursing tasks of hope and motivation are key assumptions to which of the following theorists? 10. Peplau 11. Orlando 12. Travelbee 13. Forchuk 10. One of the most important contributions of Orlando’s work is: 11. The values of the human transaction. 12. The enormous research based on her theory. 13. The phases of the nurse–patient relationship. 14. The instillation of hope and motivation. True/False 1. Peplau required her students to engage in unflinching self-scrutiny, examining their own verbal and nonverbal communication and its effect on the nurse–patient relationship. 2. Travelbee’s model uses the word “patient” to describe the individual in need of nursing care. 3. According to Orlando, professional nurses function in an independent role from physicians and other health care providers. Chapter 7: Dorothy Johnson Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Johnson integrated a complex knowledge set in the development of her Behavior System Model. Johnson has noted that her theory evolved from: 2. Philosophical ideas. 3. Theory and research. 4. Her clinical background. 5. All of the above 2. A number of existing theories were integrated into Johnson’s development of the Behavior System Model. The PRIMARY theoretical foundation(s) for the model are: 3. Transpersonal theory. 4. Florence Nightingale’s theory of nursing. 5. Existential theory. 6. Systems theory and developmental theory. 3. Johnson proposed five core principals of systems thinking. These core principals include which set of answers? 4. Person, environment, health, nursing, nursing therapeutics 5. Being, becoming, angst, choice, actualization 6. Wholeness and order, stabilization, reorganization, hierarchic interaction, and dialectical contradiction 7. Peace, harmony, balance, stability, perpetuation 4. Johnson proposes that each subsystem is composed of at least four structural components that interact in a specific pattern. These parts are: 5. Person, environment, health, nursing 6. Goal, set, choice, and action 7. Preparation, readiness, action, review 8. Approach. disorganization, orientation, engagement 5. Johnson viewed health as efficient and effective functioning of the system, and as behavioral system balance and stability. Behavioral system balance and stability are demonstrated by observed behavior that is: 6. Chaotic, random, and unpredictable. 7. Permeable, malleable, and flexible. 8. Purposeful, orderly, and predictable. 9. Predetermined, fixed, sequential, and static. 6. From a behavioral system perspective, homeorhesis is a more important stabilizing process than homeostasis. In homeorhesis the system stabilizes around: 7. A trajectory rather than a set point. 8. Self-righting tendencies that can occur over time. 9. Development or adaptation of the behavioral system. 10. All of the above 11. None of the above 7. Johnson conceptualized a nursing client as: 8. An interpersonal–integrative system. 9. Independent of the environment. 10. A behavioral system. 11. Being comprised of mind–body–spirit. 8. According to Johnson, individuals are said to achieve efficient and effective behavioral functioning in all of the following, EXCEPT: 9. Their behavior is commensurate with social demands. 10. They are able to fit within the mainstream of society and follow the orders of the physician in order to regain their health. 11. They are able to modify their behavior in ways that support biologic imperatives. 12. They are able to benefit to the fullest extent during illness from the physician’s knowledge and skill. True/False 1. The overall representation of Johnson’s model can be viewed as a behavioral system within an environment. 2. Two components of each subsystem include choice and action. Johnson refers to choice as the individual’s repertoire of alternative behaviors in a situation that will best meet the goal and attain the desired outcome. Chapter 8: Dorothea Orem’s SCDNT Multiple-Choice Questions 1. Orem views nursing as a: 2. Helpful activity. 3. Human health service. 4. Helping service. 5. All of the above. 2. According to Orem, clarifying why individuals need and can be helped through nursing is the beginning of nursing: 3. Practice. 4. Science. 5. Concept construction. 6. Paradigm building. 3. As a component of Orem’s Theory of Self-Care Deficit, basic conditioning factors are viewed as: 4. Patient components. 5. Patient characteristics. 6. Patient diagnosis. 7. All of the above 4. Persons who deliberate about and engage in self-care are demonstrating: 5. Caring agency. 6. Therapeutic agency. 7. Dependent care agency. 8. Self-care agency. 5. In the ____________________, Orem’s describes internal and external conditions arising from or associated with heath states of individuals that may bring about action limitations to engage in care of self. 6. Self-care theory 7. Self-care limitation theory 8. Self-care agency theory 9. Self-care deficit theory 6. For Orem, the clear specification that the nurse uses in the nursing role is the power of nurses to: 7. Initiate caring for others. 8. Coordinate the work of all health providers. 9. Design and produce nursing care for others. 10. Maintain an objective stance toward others. 7. From Orem’s perspective, the ____________________ legitimizes the interpersonal relationships of nurses and persons seeking nursing. 8. A. Societal–contractual system 9. Interpersonal system 10. Societal system 11. Professional–technical system True/False 1. Orem believes there are two types of human beings. Those are those who need nursing care and those who produce it. 2. Orem conceptualizes therapeutic self-care demands as static. 3. Orem describes a nursing system as an “action system” or a sequence of actions performed for the purpose of promoting life, health, and wellbeing. Chapter 9: Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment Multiple-Choice Questions 1. According to King, a concept is: 2. A fixed idea. 3. An organization of reference points. 4. A group of ideas relating to the same subject. 5. A plan for treatment. 2. King’s Transaction Process Model is (among other things): 3. A human interaction process. 4. A way of organizing medical procedures. 5. An exchange of theoretical concepts. 6. A theory-building model. 3. King says nurses should document their interactions with patients: 4. In their diaries. 5. On a special form. 6. On the patients’ charts. 7. With the nursing supervisor. 4. According to King, the goal of nursing practice is to: 5. Assist the patient in building a transaction process model. 6. Collaborate in setting patient goals. 7. Research the health care literature for insights into systems operation. 8. Help individuals maintain or regain health. 5. An advantage of King’s documentation system is that: 6. The nurse knows if the patient achieved the goal or not. 7. It includes the patient in the goal-setting process. 8. It includes the doctor in the goal-setting process. 9. It provides a path for recovery of health. 6. King suggests that the central idea in the nature of nursing is: 7. The nature of humanity. 8. Clinical proficiency. 9. Ability to interact well with patients. 10. Achieving goals. 7. A conceptual system, according to King, provides: 8. A basis for communication. 9. Reasonable limits for goal setting. 10. Boundaries for communication. 11. Structure of a discipline. 8. King tells us that if the patient and nurse agree on goals, the goals will be attained: 9. 99% of the time. 10. 90% of the time. 11. 76% of the time. 12. 50% of the time. 9. What is a transaction, according to King? 10. An interaction between members of a system 11. A sharing of information between nurse and patient 12. Exchanging information and setting a goal with the patient 13. Dispensing medications 10. If a patient does not achieve a goal, according to King the nurse should: 11. Report the failure to the doctor. 12. Report the failure to a family member. 13. Ask the patient why. 14. Start the process over. Chapter 10: Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model Multiple-Choice Questions 1.The following assumptions have been adapted to Roy’s Model for the 21st Century. Choose all that apply: 1. Philosophical 2. Cosmic 3. Scientific 4. Cultural 5. Integral 2. Scientific assumptions of the Roy Adaptation Model are based on: 3. General systems theory and developmental theory. 4. Adaptation-level theory and developmental theory. 5. General systems theory and adaptation-level theory. 6. Adaptation-level theory and cosmic theory. 3. Concept analysis, synthesis, and derivation of proposition statements have been used by Roy for: 4. Instrument development. 5. Theory development. 6. Research studies. 7. All of the above 4. Self-consistency falls under which of Roy’s following adaptive modes? 5. Physiological–physical 6. Role function 7. Interdependence 8. Self-concept—group identity 5. Hearing loss in the elderly was conceptualized by Roy as loss of a: 6. Contextual stimuli. 7. Focal stimuli. 8. Coping effort. 9. All of the above 6. All of the following are major concepts in Roy’s Adaptation Model EXCEPT: 7. Environment. 8. Health. 9. Unity. 10. Goal of nursing. 7. According to Roy, the coping process of self-awareness 8. Signals the need for adaptive efforts. 9. Interrupts ongoing behavior patterns. 10. Restores sense of self. 11. All of the above